The Pouring And Circulation Of Tael In Qing Dynasty

The issue of silver currency during the Ming and Qing dynasties is a key field in the study of economic and monetary history.On the basis of existing research in the academic community,this article further focuses on the specific form of silver in circulation and its impact on finance.Starting from the melting link of silver,it explores from a micro level how the non coinage of silver currency affects the operation mode and efficiency of the national financial system,forming a unique evolution path for the fiscal and financial system during the Ming and Qing dynasties,and to some extent endowing it with the characteristics of flexible fiscal operation.The first chapter mainly reviews the weighing silver system during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Silver is more commonly used as a measurement standard in finance,and it plays an important role in different market levels compared to copper coins.The standardization of silver in finance and the regionalization of local market circulation jointly constitute the contradictory characteristics of the weighing silver system.During the late Qing Dynasty,the silver system derived new connotations,and various virtual silver standards spontaneously formed in local markets emerged in large numbers.This to some extent is a continuation and development of the traditional silver system,a deepening of the silver value standards,and helps to establish a unified regional monetary and financial market.However,at the same time,there is a lack of management in the national credit system for weighing silver,and the diverse and complex virtual silver standards in different regions have also led to a chaotic feature of the monetary system,ultimately leading to the establishment of the dominant position of silver in the money market.The second chapter focuses on the main body of silver currency fusion and sorts out the development and evolution of the fusion industry formed from it.Overall,the main body of silver pouring has evolved from gold and silver craftsmen and shops initially engaged in the production and processing of gold and silver,to silver shops and shops specializing in currency exchange and pouring,and then to specialized institutions such as silver furnaces and furnaces specializing in silver pouring.Its development and evolution process indirectly reflects the process of silver monetization and the reality of silver circulation,and provides inspiration for the study of the development path of traditional financial credit.The third chapter focuses on the collection of money and grain in taxation,with a focus on the limited participation of the government in the process of silver currency circulation.Specifically,it is reflected in the management and regulations of the government on the right to tax and silver pouring,color,form,materials,and other aspects.Due to the fact that silver coins are not minted by the state,the financial operation is largely influenced by the market.The problems of low quality,inconsistent forms,and collusion and extortion among silver craftsmen and other groups in the process of silver melting all reflect the lack of national credit dominance.The state can only passively reiterate laws and regulations,and cannot fundamentally solve the drawbacks.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the common phenomenon of "low tide silver" in the private commercial market.With the deepening of the monetization process of silver,the scope of use of silver banks has become increasingly widespread,and the circulation of low and counterfeit silver in the market has gradually increased.On the one hand,due to the weighing monetary nature of silver itself,its fineness and quality are difficult to effectively guarantee;On the other hand,it is due to the relatively closed knowledge of silver.The circulation of low tide silver has also disrupted the normal order of the commercial market and affected the healthy operation of the social economy.The lack of strong measures by the government to address this phenomenon is ultimately due to the institutional flaws in the weighing silver system.