Characteristics Of Visual Channel Attention In Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Developmental coordination disorder(DCD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impairments in the development of both fine and gross motor skills.The symptoms first occur in the early developmental period and are not due to any known physical or mental medical condition,which interferes with activities of daily living or academic achievement.Attention is an important condition of cognitive activities.For a long time,attention of children with developmental coordination disorder has been concerned by scholars.Studies have shown that children with developmental coordination disorder have significant motor impairment,and early motor impairment may inhibit the development of visual spatial attention function.Researchers have discussed the attention problems of children with developmental coordination disorder from different dimensions of attention,but the results are not uniform,and most studies have not revealed why individuals with developmental coordination disorder have attention deficit.In this study,we used the event-related potentials(ERP)technology with the high temporal resolution and power spectrum analysis of resting state to explore the neurophysiological characteristics of attentional processing in children with developmental coordination disorder.Specifically,this study first adopted the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire(DCDQ)and Movement Assessment Battery for Children(M-ABC)screened the children with developmental coordination disorder and the control group,and then analyzed the attention-related neural rhythms of the children with developmental coordination disorder in the resting state.Finally,the children with developmental coordination disorder were asked to complete different attention tasks,and the attention processing characteristics of the children with developmental coordination disorder were discussed from the aspects of pre-attention and selective attention.In the first study,we recorded five minutes of Electroencephalography(EEG)data in a resting state with eyes closed and compared differences in attention-related EEG rhythms between the two groups.The results show that developmental coordination disorder subjects had a greater theta power,theta/beta values than control group subjects and the movement ability was significantly and negatively correlated with theta power and theta/beta value.The present study suggested developmental coordination disorder children may have reduced cortical activity and attentional deficits in the resting state and theta power and theta/beta values in the resting state may be used as biological indicators for the assessment and diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder.In the second study,the difference of pre-attention processing between the two groups was compared using the non-attentional Oddball task.Behavioral results showed that there was no difference in the response time on the main task;However,children with developmental coordination disorder were significantly less accurate than the control group.ERP results showed that the latent of visual Mismatch Negativity was significantly longer in children with developmental coordination disorder and the movement ability was significantly and negatively correlated with the latent of visual Mismatch Negativity.The results suggest that children with developmental coordination disorder have difficulty perceiving changes in information and have deficits in pre-attention,the latent of visual Mismatch Negativity may be used as biological indicators for the assessment and diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder.In the third study,spatial search paradigm was used to compare the differences of selective attention processing between two groups of children under high and low perceptual load.Behavioral results showed children with developmental coordination disorder were significantly long response time and less accurate than the control group.ERP results showed that the amplitude of P3 was significantly lower in children with developmental coordination disorder.In addition,the amplitude of N2 was significantly lower in children with developmental coordination disorder under low load condition.The results suggest that children with developmental coordination disorder are less able to suppress distracting information and have impaired selective attention.In conclusion,our findings suggested that the children with developmental coordination disorder have deficiencies in pre-attentional and selective attention,they had reduced cortical activity and are not sensitive to stimulus changes and slow information processing.The ability to recognize target stimulus is backward,and the ability to suppress interference information is reduced.