A Study Of The 19th Century Chinese And Brazilian Chinese Workers Negotiating The Treaty

After the Opium War,China was forced to open coastal cities as ports of commerce,and the traditional closed-door policy was greatly impacted,and the restrictions on population movement imposed by the Qing government were greatly weakened,which objectively provided an opportunity for Chinese workers to go overseas.In the middle and late 19 th century,Chinese workers were trafficked to various parts of the world and were treated unfairly,especially the cases of Chinese exclusion in the U.S.and Chinese abuse in Cuba and Peru were the most criticized.At the same time,the Western capitalist countries,led by Britain,banned the slave trade worldwide,which led to a serious labor shortage in Brazil,so finding new sources of labor became a top priority for the Brazilian government.In the early years,some Chinese workers arrived in Brazil,and their character and skills were appreciated by the Brazilian people,which became an important factor influencing the selection of Chinese workers in Brazil.The decision to bring in Chinese workers to solve the labor shortage crisis in Brazil was the result of a heated debate on the choice of labor sources in the country.This paper has a total of three parts.The first part is an introduction to the background of the Qing Dynasty and the Brazilian labor recruitment agreement,which is divided into two aspects: firstly,it gives a basic overview of the wave of Chinese laborers in the Qing Dynasty in the middle and late 19 th century,and analyzes and defines the time of the wave of Chinese laborers;secondly,it summarizes and summarizes the causes of the serious labor shortage in Brazil,so as to explain the background of Brazilian labor recruitment to China.The second part is the core chapter of this paper,which composes the whole process of the two treaties between the Qing Dynasty and Brazil in a chronological and logical order,and analyzes,discusses and summarizes certain key events in the process of the two treaties,such as why Brazil chose to recruit workers from China,the change of the Qing government’s attitude towards the Brazilian workers,and the reasons that led to the failure of the treaty on recruitment of workers.In addition,the actions of key figures such as Li Hongzhang,Zheng Zhaoru and Fu Yunlong during the negotiation process show the great efforts made by the Qing government to protect Chinese workers and reflect the change of the Qing government’s attitude towards overseas Chinese people from indifference to importance.The last part gives a basic evaluation of the negotiation between the Qing Dynasty and Brazil,analyzing the positive and negative effects of the negotiation on the Qing Dynasty and Brazil based on the information and interpretation,and recognizing the great contribution of Chinese workers to the Brazilian economy and culture.In short,the forced opening of the Qing Dynasty and the labor crisis in Brazil are the objective prerequisites for the association of two unfamiliar countries.With the deepening of mutual understanding,it became the common desire of both sides to cooperate,but the final result was not what they wished.Despite the twists and turns,the Qing Dynasty and Brazil eventually failed to reach cooperation and sign a legal recruitment charter,but the existence of historical events must have their rationality,we still need to pay attention to the impact of this treaty negotiation event for the two countries to learn from history.