Research On Huan Wen's Northern Expedition In The Eastern Jin Dynast

After the Yongjia Rebellion,the Eastern Jin Dynasty was located in the left corner of the Yangtze River,and at this time,the conflict between the North and South ethnic groups became the main contradiction in Eastern Jin society.The Eastern Jin Dynasty experienced the Northern Expedition led by numerous generals such as Zu Ti,Yu brothers,Chu Pou,and Yin Hao.After Yin Hao’s repeated defeats in the Northern Expedition,Huan Wen succeeded Yin Hao in overseeing the Northern Expedition.Huan Wen conducted three Northern Expeditions to resolve this contradiction.They were the Northern Expedition of Qianqin in the tenth year of Yonghe(354 AD),the Northern Expedition of Yaoxiang in the twelfth year of Yonghe(356 AD),and the Northern Expedition of Qianyan in the fourth year of Taihe(369 AD).The Battle of Huanwen’s Expedition against Qin gradually advanced to Bashang,east of Chang’an.However,due to various factors such as the external presence of strong pre Qin troops,the internal shortage of food and supplies,the army’s exhaustion from afar,and the lack of hope for backup,they had no choice but to retreat.The battle of Huan Wen’s attack on Yao Xiang defeated Yao Xiang in one fell swoop and successfully recaptured Luoyang.Huan Wen’s two petitions were not to intimidate the court,but due to the emptiness of Luoyang and the attempt of Qianyan to capture it.During the Battle of Huan Wen’s Slaying of Yan,he once advanced to Fangtou,but due to the difficulties encountered by the Jin army in combat,the new waterway was difficult to clear,and Yuan Zhen was unable to open the stone gate to provide support,he did not continue to attack Ye City.The reason for Huan Wen’s Northern Expedition was that his career development was limited.In order to regain his homeland,Huan Wen carried out three Northern Expeditions,rather than usurping the throne for success.The reasons for the failure of the Huanwen Northern Expedition were firstly the strong political power of the Hu ethnic group and the attachment of the people;Secondly,the Eastern Jin Dynasty faced constraints from the court and obstruction from the aristocratic family;Finally,Huan Wen alone went on a northern expedition and faced difficulties in food and grass.In the face of ethnic conflicts,Huan Wen did not settle down in Jiangzuo,but instead made progress with determination.This spirit is commendable.