Study On Spatiotemporal Dynamic And Determinants Of The Subjective Well-being Of Married Women In China

There has been increasing concern about the subjective well-being(SWB)of married women in recent years.Researchers have confirmed that residents’ subjective well-being has significant spatial heterogeneity,summarized the influence of many demographic factors on subjective well-being,and discussed the influence of family devotion factors such as child-rearing and housework on married women’s well-being.However,from the feminist analysis of the source of women’s "immanence",women’s well-being is not only affected by individual and family factors,but also by the regional sociocultural environment.There is thus a necessary to consider regional factors as the same time.Based on the micro-database of multi-year China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and various statistical yearbooks data,this study develops a new analytical framework,which contains individual factors,family devotion and regional environment,uses the provincial subjective well-being of married women to conduct a spatial-temporal analysis of the development trend of Chinese married women’s SWB.On the basis of describing its overall characteristics,this paper focuses on the spatial distribution and evolution of married women’s subjective wellbeing,and examines whether women’s well-being is affected by regional environmental factors.Furthermore,this study takes married women’s individual SWB as the research object,and analyzes the influence of individual factors,family devotion and regional environment factors through multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression.Finally,this study discusses the differentiation and evolution of the influencing factors of married Women’s SWB in China.One is the heterogeneity of the influencing factors of women’s SWB between urban and rural areas,especially the impact of child-bearing policy adjustment and the other is the heterogeneity of the influencing factors of SWB in different regions.The results show that: First,the subjective well-being of married women in China declined from 2010 to 2018,with urban women significantly happier than rural women,but this gap is narrowing rapidly.The overall SWB of married women shows a pattern that "higher in the east and lower in the west" and "higher in the north and lower in the south".Second,individual factors,family devotion and regional environmental factors have a significant impact on married women’s SWB.In terms of individual factors,health and education have a positive impact,while work has negative impact.In terms of family devotion,the number of children and the responsibility of child-care have a negative impact on women’s well-being,while accompanying children has a slight positive impact;the longer the housework time,the lower the subjective well-being of women.At the regional level,illiteracy sex ratio,regional divorce rate and female employment rate all have negative effects on women subjective well-being.This reveals that women SWB is related to the underlying patriarchal culture and gender inequality.Thirdly,the influencing factors of married women’s subjective well-being have urban-rural heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity.After the gradual relaxation of the family planning policy,the impact of the number of children on urban women is immediately prominent,but the anxiety of parenting responsibility under the previous single child situation has been alleviated.In terms of regional differentiation,the married women in eastern China are greatly affected by child-rearing devotion,while the married women in western China are greatly affected by gender constraints and perceived toil.The innovations and theoretical contributions of this research are mainly to introduces the feminist theory about the source of "immanence " into geography,constructs an individual-family-regional environment analytical framework for married women’s subjective well-being,and examines the influence of regional environmental factors on women’s well-being through multilevel regression model.At the same time,in the context of the three-child policy,based on the decomposition of child-rearing devotion and the regional differentiation of women’s well-being,this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions according to local conditions,hoping to better guarantee the subjective well-being of married women.