Research On The Education Of Historical Figures And The Cultivation Of National Spirit During The Republic Of China

The national spirit is the cornerstone of the survival and development of the country and the nation,and the ideological character,value orientation and moral standards formed by a nation through long-term life and social practice and endorsed by the majority of its members.China is a multi-ethnic country,and different ethnic groups have jointly formed the Chinese nation through thousands of years of integration.In the longterm development process of Chinese civilization,the spirit of the Chinese nation has been continuously inherited and innovated,and has become the spiritual support for guiding the Chinese nation to move forward despite difficulties.The period of the Republic of China was an important stage of China’s social transformation and a critical period for the growth of the Chinese nation,and history education was entrusted with the important responsibility of cultivating the national spirit and promoting the patriotic spirit with its unique disciplinary characteristics,which attracted the attention of the times.History education is conducive to publicizing the glorious history of the Chinese nation,recording the achievements of ancestors,and arousing the patriotic heart of the people.In particular,through the narration of the great achievements of the ancestors,that is,through the education of historical figures,we can more directly and effectively help the masses to experience the national spirit contained in historical figures,stimulate their national self-confidence,condense national consciousness,share hatred,and constantly strive for national rejuvenation.By combing the reasons and basic conditions of the development of the education of historical figures in the early Republic of China,before and after the May Fourth Movement,and during the Anti-Japanese War,this paper discusses the methods and ways of cultivating the national spirit through the education of historical figures,and analyzes the changes in the writing of historical figures under the circumstances of the continuous enrichment and development of the national spirit due to the background of the times and becoming more and more important.Taking the "the Reform Movement of 1898" of the history textbook of the Republic of China Middle School as the research starting point,the textbook’s description of the "the Reform Movement of 1898" changes due to ideological changes,political needs,historical research and other reasons,and exploring the changes in the writing of historical figures in this period is helpful to understand the development of the education of historical figures and the connotation and mission of the national spirit in different periods of the Republic of China.During the period of the Republic of China,the education of historical figures was deeply influenced by the social background,political ideology,ideological and cultural concepts of the time,and was also closely related to the research results of history,historical education concepts and practical reflections,and scholars’ personal positions.Therefore,the writing of historical figures related to the " the Reform Movement of 1898" in middle school history textbooks during the Republic of China period has been developed in stages,with the goal of serving reality,the number of historical figures in the textbooks has been increasing,the description and evaluation of typical characters have become more detailed and objective,and the presentation forms and teaching methods of historical figures have been gradually enriched.With the gradual development of the education of historical figures,the cultivation of national spirit has also been further emphasized,and with historical figures as the teaching method,students are more likely to feel the national spirit possessed by historical figures,promote emotional experience,and strengthen the cultivation of national spirit.In general,during the period of the Republic of China,people’s understanding of the education of historical figures and the cultivation of national spirit was a process of continuous deepening.History education plays a pivotal role in publicizing and nurturing the national spirit,and cultivating the people’s identification with the nation’s history and culture is the prerequisite for cultivating the national spirit and patriotic spirit.At the same time,historical figures are the core of historical events,and people gradually attach importance to the important position of historical figure education in the process of historical education.Therefore,in today’s secondary school history education,for historical figures and historical events,we should respect historical facts,objectively describe and evaluate historical figures and events,and at the same time continuously enrich historical teaching methods,absorb the latest achievements of historical research,and integrate them into classroom teaching,so as to improve learning effects,cultivate national spirit,organically unify the teaching of historical knowledge and improve students’ humanistic qualities,and lay a solid foundation for the country to cultivate citizens with ideals,skills and responsibilities.