Study Of Prayer And Mantra Culture Of Liangshan Yi People

The prayer and mantra are one of the most primitive witchcraft of human beings,and there is a universal belief in all nations.Prayer and mantra are the products of witchcraft thinking and an important embodiment of the formal power of language worship in the age of witchcraft.The prayer language is to pray for heaven and earth gods and ancestors,peace,prosperity,and grain harvest and so on.The mantra is intended to curse all the gods and ghosts and enemies that pose a threat to human beings,so that they can keep them away from human beings and no longer bring a threat to human beings.In the face of the complicated nature,the ancestors of the Yi people showed the anxiety complex —— On the one hand,They realize the weakness of their own strength,and in the face of nature,human beings are vulnerable;On the other hand,they hope in association and imagination,and even fantasy,trying to discover the supernatural forces from the natural environment and form alliances with them,in order to obtain the support to deal with the pressure of life given by the natural environment.In fact,the ancestors of the Yi people in Zhuhe Town compared with the basic schema of real life,the initial concentration and deformation of real life,and then properly mixed into the expectation and imagination of life.In a distant historical period,prayer and mantra were gradually promoted to religious ethics,which soothed and calmed the fear of the Yi people in Zhuhe Town,and played a role in maintaining social stability and regulating social relations.As a legacy of history and culture,The prayer and mantra culture is mostly a history of degradation and decline,connecting the ignorant social customs and modern cultural life.As people’s wisdom changes under the influence of developed cultures,the old customs and perceptions gradually disappear in a new atmosphere,not compatible with them,or transform into forms suitable for the new life around them.In the Yi society in Zhuhe Town,the language and behavior of prayer and mantra still exist in Bimo literature and various folk ceremonies,forming a mysterious system.The Yi people in Zhuhe Town attributed the diseases and disasters encountered by human beings to ghosts,so they needed to carry out curse to achieve the intention of preventing evil,removing evil,removing pollution,and clean houses,so as to disperse or expel all evil back to the space that belongs to it.Taking Zhuhe Town,Zhaojue County,Liangshan as the field point,this paper explores the connotation behind the prayer and mantra culture and the contemporary functions of the blessing words,prayer,mantra,complaint words and the ritual behavior phenomena of the Bimo culture in text and oral ways.This article is divided into four chapters.The introduction part mainly sorts out the current situation,research methods and innovation points of prayer and mantra culture research at home and abroad.The first chapter mainly introduces the Zhuhe town from the aspects of natural geography,human history,belief system and so on,and sorts out the gods and ghosts system.The second chapter,based on the precise grasp of the meaning of prayer,sorts out and classifies the prayer and praying behaviors in the Yi society in Zhuhe Town,as well as the fields and functions used,and discusses the content and meaning of prayer language and behaviors in the context of praying ceremony.In the third chapter,based on the understanding of the meaning of the mantra,the mantra language and behavior in the Yi society of Zhuhe Town are sorted and classified,and the mantra and spell behaviors in the curse ghost rituals.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the function and thinking of prayer and mantra culture in the present.As a kind of cultural legacy,The prayer and mantra culture contains the preliminary understanding of nature of primitive people.These seemingly simple and naive understandings not only become the key to enlighten the human mind,but also the basis for the continuous evolution of human civilization and the mirror of civilization.It is a window for us to understand the process of historical development.At the same time,as the prayer and mantra culture,left over from history,plays its value in the current of history,and plays an important role in the psychological adjustment,social integration,cultural inheritance and moral education of the Yi people.Although with the high development of science and technology and the level of human intelligence has reached the essence of nature,we can still see that prayer and mantra culture plays some role in the Yi society in Zhuhe Town,such as participating in drug control and AIDS prevention,forest fire prevention,regulating disputes and other social affairs.In short,the establishment and emergence of the prayer and mantra culture has historical reasons,so they can not be attributed to the meaningless category,more can not sneer at it,like a waste discarded,the phenomenon of the prayer and mantra culture should be viewed dialectically.