| The genus Pleurolus is widespread wood saprobiotic fungus and the taxonomy is confusion. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, many new methods and technique have been used in taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of mushroom. Based on morphological taxonomy, we systematically investigated the application of RAPD and rDNA PCR-RFLP in the molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Pleurolus. The results are as follows:1. The results of morphological characters showed that P. abalonus and P. cyslidiosus were the same species, as well as P. djamor and P. salmoneostramineus, P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju. Most isolates that their scientific names were indefinite were P. ostreatus and two were P. florida.2. The results of RAPD analysis showed RAPD analysis could not only be used in species classification, but also in isolates differentiation.3. Cluster analysis based on RAPD showed that at 76% similarity level, all tested isolated could be clusted into nine groups, i.e. 1 P. ostreatus and P. florida, II P. ostreatm P. sapidus, P. spodoleucus and P. eryngii, III P. colnmbinus, P. corlicalus, P. cornucopiae, P. nebrodensis and P. ferulae; IV P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju, V three isolates with indefinite species, VI P. luber-regium, VII P. cilrinopileatus, VIII P. djamor and P. salmoneoslramincus, IX P. abalonus and P. cysliodism.4. A single uniform product 1.46kb in size resulted from PCR amplification of the 5' half of the 28S rRNA gene for all isolates of Pleurolus and the other three genera. Amplification of the ITS region resulted in a single 680bp product for all isolates of Pleurotus, 700bp for Hohenbuehelia serotina, 720bp for Lentinula edodes and Agaricus bisporus. The IGS1 was successfully amplified and varied in length: a l.lkb product for P. djamor and P. salmoneostramineus, a common product 1 .Okb for the other tested isolates of Pleurotus, 700bp for H. serotina, 1.3kb for L. edodes and A. hisporus. These results showed there were more variable in IGS1, variable in ITS, conversed in 28S rDNA.5. The restriction analysis of 28S rDNA PCR product showed that no restriction polymorphism were observed for Alu I in all tested isolates of Pleurotus. BamH I could distinguish P. cilrinopileatus from the other Pleurolus. Taq I could distinguish P. abalonus and P. cystiodisus from the other Pleurotus, but P. abalonus and P. cystiodisus couldn't be differentiated for each other. Msp I had the highest polymorphism and could divided 52isolates of Pleurotus into 8 groups, 5 , 5 and 4 groups for Hae III, Hint] , Hha I in all isolates of Pleurotus. Cluster analysis based on PCR-RFLP of 28S rDNA 5' half suggested that five groups were distinguishable for all isolates of Pleurotus on 92% similairity coefficient level, i.e. I P. djamor and P. salmoneoslramineus, \\P. abalonus and P. cystiodisus, III P. tuber-regium, IMP. citrinopileatus, V the other tested isolates, including P. ostreatus, P. florida, P. sapidus, P. corticatus, P. cornucopias, P. columbinus, P. spodoleucus, P. ferulae, P. nebrodensis, P. eryngii, P. pulmonarius, P. sajor-caju and Pleurotus sp.6. The restriction analysis of ITS amplified product showed that no restriction site was observed for BamH I in all isolates, the other tested enzymes (Alu \ , Hae III, Hinf I , Taq I , Hha I , Msp I ) could distinguish P. cilrinopileatus from the other Pleurotus species. Cluster analysis based on ITS PCR-RFLP suggested that seven groups were distinguishable for Pleurotus on 93% similairity coefficient, i.e. P. oslrealus complex (including P. ostreatus, P. florida, P. sapidus, P. corticalus, P. cornucopias, P. columbinus, P. spodoleucus, P. ferulae, P. nebrodensis and P. sp.), P. eryngii, P. pulmonarius-P. sajor-caju, P. tuber-regium, P. abalonus-P. cysliodisus, P. djamor- P. salmoneostramineus and P. cilrinopileatus. H. serotina, L edodes and A. bisporus represented a group respectively. The phylogenetic relationships between P. citrinopileatus and the other Pleurotu...
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