| A research on geo-ontology is the important content of Geographic Information Science and Digital Earth. The ontological foundation for Geographic Information Science is one of four new research fields that were proposed by UCGIS (University Consortium for Geographic Information Science) in 2000. In 2002 Research Agenda, the spatial ontology is the first topic of the ten Long-term Research Challenges. By the geo-spatial information semantic expression and semantic share based on ontology, the concepts of single community are expanded to more wide range gradually and are linked with Internet. Through the semantic description of service based on ontology, Web services can be automatic found out, composed, implemented and supervised. Therefore, this structure makes human's knowledge and work open to Agents that can carry out analysis significantly, which makes WebGIS show more energy.By the abstract of real geographic world and the analysis of geography cognitive process, the dissertation makes ontology as the formalized expression method of geography concepts and the relationship of these concepts; presents the geo-ontology semantic field, geo-concept types, the semantic relationship types and the ontology model based on Descript Logic; studies the ontology semantic annotation based on HowNet, the quantitative arithmetic of the ontology semantic relationship; presents the ontology query schemas and the semantic query framework based on ontology reasoning; analyzes the semantic web service and take the buffer service as an example; discusses the geo-feature model suited the expression of geo-ontology and the framework of semantic spatial information system. The achievements and innovations as follows:(1) Discuss the definition and connotation of the geo-ontology, present the conception of geo-ontology semantic field, divide the geo-concepts into physical geo-entity and human geo-entity, divide the relationships of geo-concept into spatial relationship, temporal...
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