The Complexities Exploration Of Urban Geographical Spatial System

City always is one of the core research realms of the human geography, economics,and sociology. Today, cities are replacing villages to become the main habitation ofmankind, and their exterior environments, inner constitutions, structures, functions andevolutions just become more and more complex. Along with the development of scienceand technology, the people's understanding and research of the urban system complexityalso deepen continually.Most of the ago researches of urban systems in economics, sociology, ecology etc.,used to adopt the reductive methods, and focus on partial, local characteristic study ofurban system. Owing its wholeness, the laws of urban system can't be revealed completelyby the reductive researches only. The traditional geographical researches of urban systemexist two inclinations: one is looking urban system as an even entity, and studies itstemporal evolution, however neglects its spatial characteristic simultaneously;the othermainly researches the static spatial differences and combinations of urban system, howeverneglects its process research at the same time. The researches of urban system incomplexity science are in the ascendant, but their fruit are sporadic, partial and lessadvancement because of the immature theories and methods of complexity science. How toadvance the abovementioned researches? Therefor, this paper puts forward a new concept——urban geographical spatial system first, and tries to research the urban systemcomplexity in systemic and synthetic view based on the contemporary geography paradigmby integrated using of the theories and methods of urban geography, urban economics,urban planning, system science, complexity science etc.This paper includes six chapters.Chapter one, for introduction, points out the backgrounds and gist, the frameworksand contents, the methods and technique routes of the study on complexity of urbangeographical spatial system.Chapter two: the presentation of complexity science and its application in geographyand urban system researches. First discusses the connotations and research methods ofcomplex system and complexity. Then reviews the development process of complexityscience;Finally, based on the reviews of the complexity science applications in geographyand urban system researches, points out the main problems of the urban system complexitystudiesChapter three: the analyses of urban geographical spatial system. Based on thediscussions of geography research contents and missions, this paper puts forward itsresearch object——urban geographical spatial system, then discusses the boundaries,environments, elements, sub-systems and complexity characters of urban geographicalspatial system.Chapter four: The complex interactional mechanisms of urban geographical spatialsystem. The complex interactional mechanisms being discussed in this chapter includenonlinear mechanism, multi-feedback mechanism, competitive and synergic mechanism,self-organizing mechanism and complex adaptive mechanism among element, sub-system,system and environments of urban geographical spatial system.Chapter five: the structural and functional complexity of urban geographical spatialsystem. First, it studies the population distribution complexity, land use structuralcomplexity, the transportation network complexity and connection complexity of thesethree parts of urban system. The next in order, it discusses the functional complexity ofurban system. In the end, it analyses the interactive complexity among structures, functions,environments of urban geographical spatial system.Chapter six: the evolution complexity of urban geographical spatial system. First thischapter presents a concept model of evolution complexity of urban geographical spatialsystem;then studies the evolution complex laws of urban geographical spatial system suchas chaos and order, periodicit and trend, assurance and random, gradual shift andcatastrophe.