Theoretically Study Of One-dimensional Photonic Crystal And Preparation Of Three-dimensional Inverse Opal

Photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted much attention because of their ability to manipulate, confine and control light, and the investigation of the PCs are the frontier of functional materials. This dissertation composed of two parts:theoretical calculations and experimental preparation. The first part focuses on the one-dimensional PCs。The optical properties of PCs with different structures are analyzed numerically. In the second part, we prepared macroporous materials by using opal template and form mechanism, microstructures, band structure and applications of the macroporous structures were studied systematically. The important results are given as followings:1,Using transfer matrix method (TMM), we have studied the band structure, electric field distribution, dispersion relation, defect propagation characteristics of one-dimensional dielectric-dielectric photonic crystals. The transmission and absorbent properties of one-dimensional metal-dielectric photonic crystals composed of different metals (Al,Ag,Au,Cu) were discussed. The results showed that the electric filed distribution played a more decisive role than the photo states distribution in the metallic absorption characteristics.2,High-quality polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystals were prepared by a improved vertical deposition technique. Centimeter-sized surface-smooth thin film TiO2 inverse opals were obtained by a sot-gel process using the polystyrene colloidal crystal template. From the SEM photograph, we can see that the macroporous structures of the inverse opals are orderly and non-dilapidated. The photonic bandgap effect on the spontaneous emission of Tb3+ was investigated. The suppression at 540nm and enhancement at 484nm in the fluorescence spectrum were interpreted in terms of redistribution of the photon density of states in the photonic crystal.3,Ordered macroporous polymers have been prepared by replication of SiO2 colloidal crystals. The air between the silica spheres was filled by the monomer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that can be subsequently polymerized at 80℃. We obtained the flexible and free-standing PMMA inverse opal polymers films with large area using of the formation of an overlayer of PMMA. The film is enough tough to be curled to various shape. These flexible polymers films can extend the usage of macroporous structures and have potential applications. The spontaneous decay of emitting species can be modified by changing its environment. We have fabricated inverse opal embedded with Alq3 to investingate the photonic bandgap effects on the spontaneous emission. The dip appeared in the fluorescence spectrum was interpreted in terms of redistribution of the photon density of states in the photonic crystal. The results indicated that the suitable combination of fluorescence materials and the photonic crystals can provide a promising route to design and fabricate the light-emitting diodes, low-threshold lasers and other highly efficient optical apparatus. PMMA microsphere arrays are fabricated by a double replicating method. High quality ZnO inverse opals prepared without extra defects formed by electrodeposition. After the subsequently in-situ polymerization of MMA in the voids of ZnO inverse opals, the ZnO is removed by hydrochloric acid solution.