Establishment Of Analytical Procedures For Organotins And Its Exposure In Some Water Environments Of China And Risk Assessment

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their environment problems have been a global problem, and widely received attentions from many countries, especially developed countries and international organizations. Tributyltin (TBT) and Triphenyltin (TPT) were the only metal compounds in known EDCs and were also one of the most toxic chemicals to the aquatic organisms, which do harm to many organisms, human included, so TBT and TPT have been appeared on the gray or black list in many countries, and their occurrence in aquatic environments were investigated on a large scale. At present, there is still no specific legislation controlling the use of TBT and TPT in China for lack of original data about organotins pollution, say nothing of long-term control, monitoring and research programs. One of main reasons to restrict this work is lack of effective chemistry separation and sensitive analytical procedures. In this paper, SPME-GC-MS were developed and applied to determine the concentrations of TBT, TPT and their degrade products in different water environments, and that LC-ESI-MS was established for determination of TBT and TPT. Meanwhile, The occurrence of organotins in some aquatic organisms was also investigated. The ecology risk of TBT pollution in Bohai Bay and human health risk of seafood and drinking water for organotins in Tianjin were assessed. Finally, the control measures of organotins pollution in water environment were suggested.First of all, analytical procedures for organotins in water and biological samples based on GC-MS were developed in the laboratory using solid phase micro-extraction and ultrasonic extraction for pre-treatment, which can well meet the requirement of environmental analysis. Thereinto, analytical methods of water included headspace SPME-GC-MS combined hydride generation with NaBFL, for DBT and TBT and SPME-GC-MS combined ethyl derivatization with NaBEti for butyltins and phenyltins. Moreover, a comprehensive analytical method based on LC-ESI-MS has been established for determination of TBT and TPT.With the established methods, the occurrence of organotins in Bohai Bay, a Tianjin drinking water plant, Beijing Gaobeidian wastewater treatment plant, Three Gorges Yangtse River and some aquatic organisms from Bohai Bay were investigated. Experimental data demonstrated the widespread occurrence of organotin compounds in the selected water environments and aquatic organisms. Bohai Bay were widelypolluted by butyltins, and their levels were high near coastal areas and decreased towards off-shore. In this area, TBT mainly came from anti-fouling paints and DBT came from other sources besides TBT degradation. The data of drinking water plant demonstrated drinking water source were polluted by organotins, and MBT, DBT, TBT, MPT, DPT and TPT were detected simultaneously for the first time. Organotins pollution varied with season in this drinking water plant, and decreased from May to September. Results from wastewater treatment plant showed that most of organotins in municipal wastewater were DBT and TBT, and the highest level were 108.9ngSn/L and 59.8ngSn/L, respectively, sometimes relatively high levels of MPT were also found. From above data we can conclude that routine processes of water and wastewater can remove MBT and DBT effectively, but the removals of TBT and phenyltins were not good. The data from Three Gorges showed that XiangXi River were polluted by orgaontins seriously, with DBT, MBT and MPT of 416.8, 66.4 and 52.0ngSn/L, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of TBT in DaXiGou and ShaiWangBa were 33.4 and 68.9ngSn/L, respectively, which would do harm to fresh water organisms. There were relatively slightly pollution in other stations, such as QingXiChang and BaiDiCheng. It is the first time to found MPT in Three Gorges. The results of biological samples showed that the most of aquatic organisms were polluted by TBT and TPT, and no MPT and DPT were found.According to investigated data above, the ecology risk of TBT pollution in Bohai Bay and human health risk of sea...