| Materials are always the first power of our science and technology. The rise of our ancestors from the Stone Age through the Iron Age can be attributed to the controlling of mechanical properties of materials. In the last century, the humankind control over materials has spread to include the electrical properties of materials. If we can control the optical properties of materials, Advances in optical materials will allow us to tailor certain materials to meet our need, thereby initiating the optical device revolution in Photonics. We will be dealing here mostly with the linear and nonlinear optical properties of some advanced photonic materials.In the thesis, we explored the linear and nonlinear optical properties of silver/bismuth oxide composite thin films, with a special emphasis on the relation between the values of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and metal compositions. Samples were deposited by cosputtering of Ag target, controlled by a dc power supply, and the Bi2O3 target, controlled by a rf power supply respectively. When depositing, the sample table rotated at a 25 revolutions per minute speed to affirm the uniformity of film composition. The relative composition of samples was determined by adjusting the power of the Ag target magnetron when the power of the Bi2O3 target magnetron fixed. Ruthford Back Scattering provide additional information about the accurate metal concentration. By using the femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect technique, we can find which physical mechanism plays the key role in giving the optical nonlinearity, because different physical mechanisms have different response-time. The intrinsic optical properties of Ag:Bi2O3 composite films are revealed firstly by our research. The maximum value of thethird-order optical susceptibility x(3) was 4.1×10-10 esu, which occurred at...
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