| The fruit bodies of Auricularia auricula is one of the most important edible fungi in our country. Auricularia auricula is rich of polysaccharides that have multiple pharmacological activities and bioactivities. Recently, Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) is being payed great attention by scientists because of its significant health protection functions. In this study, the characteristics, structure and bioactivities of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides- II a fraction (AAP- II a fraction) were investigated. Bioactivities of AAP-Ⅱ a fraction involved the effects on inhibiting microbe, tumor growth, anti-aging, acute myocardial ischemia and its molecular mechanisms. The main results are shown as follows: 1 The preparation and chemical structure analyses of AAP-Ⅱ a fractionThe fruit bodies of Auricularia auricula were broken and its powder was sieved. Firstly the lipids in it was extracted off by solvents, then the residue was extracted by water (ultrasonic wave combined with enzyme method), centrifugalized or filtered, enriched and precipitated by alcohol, the protein in it was taken off by Sevag and enzyme, and then was freeze-dried. Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAP) was gained.The average extraction rate of AAP was 8.58%。AAP was separated by DEAE Sephadex A-25 column. The second fraction of AAP separated by DEAE Sephadex A-25 column was purified by Sephadex G-200 column, and the AAP-Ⅱ a fraction was gained, its yield was 4.59%, and its purity and characteristics were identified.The monosaccharides in AAP-Ⅱ a fraction were identified by HPLC and paper chromatography, they are glucose, fucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose with the molar ratio of 11.52: 1.27: 1.00: 0.61: 0.23, its molecular weight was 165000 tested by Sephadex G-200 column. The content of neutral polysaccharide in it is 58.93%, glucuronic acid is 33.82%; protein 1.90%; The content of calcium, magnesium, selenium and iron in AAP- Ⅱ a fraction are 2.23mg/g,23.51 μg/g,and 1.04mg/g, repectively.
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