The Pursuit And Construction From Green Politics: The Sustainable World That Human Beings Symbiose With Nature Harmoniously

Through several decades of development, green politics has occupied a place in politics. In this process, the contents and categories that the research on green politics includes are more extensive, covering green political theory, green movement, green groups and green NGOs, green party, greening of government and party, international politics of environment and global governance of environment etc. This dissertation lays particular emphasis on green political theory. Certainly, as the coherence and continuity of theoretical investigation, this dissertation will not exclude other categories which green politics contains. In fact, they are an impartible whole, we cannot discuss anyone isolatedly. According to the new problems and changes appearing in the development of green politics, this dissertation takes the topic of'the sustainable world that human beings symbiose with nature harmoniously', tries giving the pursuit and construction from green politics in terms of habit of logical thinking, gives prominence to core discussions about the'relationship between human beings and nature'and pursuing into the'sustainability'inflexibility, at the same time, brings the normative argument into the study on green politics. If green politics wants to shed new light on the territory that political theory occupied, if green politics wants to guide us to ponder the standard themes of political theory in special ways and reasons, we suppose it must satisfy three conditions: the firstly, analyze the related political phenomena; secondly, provide a view of good life; thirdly, give a theory of political action and strategy. Actually, the three conditions are criteria of judging whether green politics can become theoretical form. The discussional ways of thinking and the logical structures in this dissertation are designed according to this three conditions or criteria basically: Chapter I involves the critical analyses of the related political realities and the enduring challenges to traditional political theory; Chapter II lies in discussing the foundation of green value and the support of ecological philosophy mainly, thus providing a good notion, a view of good life—human beings symbiose with nature harmoniously—has already been implied in this notion of value; the purpose of Chapter III and Chapter IV lies in giving the required political action and strategy, Chapter III concentrates on the elucidation to political designs in green theory, Chapter IV discusses the realization of the sustainable world; Chapter V gives a explain to the legitimacy and the right of green politics by canvassing'the relationship between green politics and authoritarianism'and'the relationship between green politics and democracy'.As follows, we will see how to carry on the discussions of each chapter, what are the general contents of each chapter:Chapter I is to'examine green politics politically'. It is the foundation of a series of our discussion to answer why the problems of environment will become political issues, this chapter is to cope with this by the argument for necessity and possibility. In necessity, people are required to change their ideas in face of the continuously worsen environmental condition, start putting up the political cognition to the environmental problems, be aware of which the emergence, influences, and solution of environmental problems have a close relation with politics, through rethinking the political realities related with the degradation and deterioration of environment, a deep reflection on economy and politics is formed, this cognition and reflection make people understand: only by virtue of political means, we can get away from the predicament of environment, furthermore, to resolve the problems of environment effectively, we must transform the traditional politics. In possibility, on the theoretical level, this chapter explores the challenges of green politics to traditional politics in three respects, namely place and member, research of concept, history of thought: to point out that green politics extends the place of the political activity and lead new member—nature-- into it, expands and enriches the contents of research of concept, makes some neglected environmental thinker conspicuous and annotates the thought of some famous political thinker ecologically. Thus, this expresses green politics may have an enduring influence on the territory that traditional politics occupies, which makes green politics have standard political identity. Finally, indicate that green politics has an opportunity to provide an eligible path for the reference in the realization of the sustainable world.If it is accepted that environmental problems can become political issues and green politics will form an enduring political phenomenon, we have the reason to try presenting a further study on the theoretical form of green politics by the way of theoretical research. What is illuminated firstly is the foundation of value of green politics, which is the topic of Chapter II. The discussion of Chapter II is constituted by three parts: firstly, the two central doctrines that emergent very frequently are analyzed, through examining the sources of anthropocentrism in natural notion and elucubrating the ecocentrism, the basic contents and boundary of the two central doctrines are showed, the two notions of value are distinguished clearly, the particularities and criticism of ecocentrism are presented. Secondly, as a notion of value derived from ecocentrism, the holism are canvassed, which exhibits a picture of the organic whole on ontology, points out that it is necessary to cultivate ecological wisdom of holism and unify the inherent value of human beings and the intrinsic value of nature into a whole, does not slide over the friction between the holistic imago and the individualistic imago that exists in green system of value, it is made outstanding in optimistic and positive attitude that this friction may form a balance of ecological thinking. Thirdly, the extension of moral community, the other important notion of value derived from ecocentrism, is discussed. It is indicated on the temporal and spatial dimension that it is necessary to extend moral community to accommodate the future generations, animals and the whole of nature. We should give them equal chance of consideration in morals. In the conclusion, the realistic considerations to the green foundation of value are presented through removing the possible tendency of antihumansim.Chapter III is about'the political dimension on green politics'. The core political viewpoints and claims in green politics are the main contents in this part of discussion, which are arranged in the three principles. The first is the principle of action, which is composed of the principle of nonviolence and the principle of social justice and responsibilities. It is pointed out what contents are contained against the violent action and means of the person, collection and state. The principle of social justice and responsibilities is the further extension of the principle of nonviolence, because the structure of violence is unjust in itself. The principle of social justice and responsibilities represents the concerns and consideration of green politics to personal and social problems, expressed the attitudes and standpoints of green politics against social unjustness. The second is the principle of organization, which includes the democratic participation and rotation.'The disbelief in liberal democracy','the confidence in grassroots democracy'and'the introduction of deliberative democracy'exhibit the probes of green politics into the democratic road of keeping high sensitive to the ecological environments. There is a very close connection between the principle of rotation and the pursuit of democracy from green politics. Although it is given up for a long time, the principle of rotation is not an unsuccessful design, through which the democratic spirits in civil movements are expressed truly in the party politics. The third is the principle of structure, which concentrates on the discussion about decentralization and cooperation. The principle of decentralization embodies the pursuit of the automatic, small community, and the requirement that power is operated at low level as much as possible, which involves the attitude to the state. The principle of cooperation attempts to find out probability of cooperation and a reasonable cooperative mechanism to get out of the collaborative predicament in the process of resolving the environmental problems. The biggest meaning of green politics lies in that it develops a all new angle of views of political thinking and analysis for us, not that it carries on the subversive criticism of the traditional politics and make it completely changed.Chapter IV is about'the social tendency of green politics', which focuses on the realization of the sustainable world. Green politics exerts all its strength to target for the sustainable world. This world shows us the unremitting pursuit of the beautiful foreground that human beings symbiose with nature harmoniously. This chapter is composed of four parts. Firstly, analyze the meanings of the sustainable world, point out its unclear connotation is available to provide openly adjustable conditions and inspires the flexibility and creativity of the people to probe into the future world. But, we cannot ignore the basically restrictive qualifications that the sustainable world requires, which are the explicit objection to the traditional paradigm of the growth and the double cares for human beings and nature. Secondly, discuss the greening of state. By the comparison among three models of green change—piecemeal engineering model, subversively rebuilding model and ecological restructuring model, the ecological restructuring model is adapted for some degree of green innovation of state. Thirdly, take the NGOs for an example to analyze the changes in the development of the socially environmental powers, and indicate that these changes make the NGOs own the stronger competitive abilities and strengthen the NGOs'influences on the policy-making, but place them in danger of other's deceits and metamorphosis at the same time. Fourthly, concentrate on the complicated relationships between the developed countries and the developing countries in the global cooperation of the environment. These relationships are presented particularly in the discussion of the common environmental agenda and common but differentiated responsibilities. Because the realization of the sustainable world depends more on the collective action, the last three parts of this chapter are selected in particular. The purpose of this chapter is not to take on an idealistic plan, but offer the realistic strategies leading to the sustainable world.Chapter V discusses'the relationship between green politics and authoritarianism'and'the relationship between green politics and democracy, the purpose of which is to make the people comprehend the tendency of authoritarianism blamed on green politics and the internal meltability between green politics and democracy, to hope that the color of authoritarianism of green politics in the people's minds will fade away and the democratic image of green politics will be more evident. The reasons that green politics is condemned to have the tendency of authoritarianism are derived from two aspects: it is, on the one hand, because of the authoritarian intention of a handful of ecological theorists in early days of green movements, on the other hand, because of the judgment on the conflictive relation between green results and democratic procedure. Although the important proofs of condemnation come from the first hand, it has withdrawn from the stage of history with the vanishing of the Ecological Doomsday. Moreover, there are very limited effects of the authoritarian intention on green politics. It is the key point to refute the second condemnation. In the discussion of the meltability between green politics and democracy, by proving democracy also needs results and environmentalism also needs procedure, the controvertible consistence is established between green politics and democracy. Thus, green politics is liberated from the shadow of authoritarianism, which is a courageous attempt for the legitimacy of green theory.The misgivings of the ecological destruction and environmental degradation made by the human beings urge me to write this dissertation. With the nakedness of the environmental problems, the ecological consciousness has been strengthened greatly. But, the necessary understandings for the important relations between ecology and politics are not enough. Without these understandings, environmental problems cannot be resolved effectively. By the square, Green politics provides proper supports for developing and promoting these understandings. In the period of very fast development of our country on politics, economy, society, culture and science, environmental problems enter into the focus realm concerned on by the public increasingly. It has become a significant part of establishing the harmonious socialist society that human beings relate to nature harmoniously, at the same time, our country is pushing positively forward the strategic decision on the sustainable development. In view of that, combining the characteristics of the development of green politics and the supports of theoretical resources, I decide to write this dissertation. There was not the same idea of writing to mine in my investigation of the related realm of domestic research. I hope this dissertation will present advantageous theoretical discussion on promoting the harmonious socialist society in my country.