River Delta Wetland Ecosystem Health Assessment Based On Remote Sensing Technology

River Delta wetland is in the role of the intersection point of the five media, in the river / sea / land / air / human society. It is not only sensitive area of climate change, but also is fragile area of the ecological environment. It has a very important role of water conservation, distributed flood, cleaning up the environment, conservation of biological diversity. The ecological health of wetland is not only to connect the natural environment and ecological security, but also affect the harmonious development of human society.River Delta wetland health status has been the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the International Biodiversity Programme's (DIVERSITAS) of the core study area and one of the elements. Environmental health and safety research is the "Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" of key fields and priority support direction. National Key Basic Research in 2006, "Huang-Huai region wetland ecological processes, environmental effects and ecological safety of water control," the start, the wetland study indicates that China entered a new period of development.From the State Oceanic Administration's ongoing 12th five year plan view of the research planning of this project, estuarine ecological environmental remote sensing monitoring techniques and fragile ecosystems, remote sensing technologies will become the next 5 years, and even more for a long time China's coastal ecosystems in the future Environmental monitoring is an important research direction and funding priorities.Wetland health at home and abroad and achieved remarkable results, but most are based on field observation and collection of biological and chemical laboratory data, quantitative remote sensing and landscape ecology through the combination of health research is still rare, the distribution area of coastal wetland broad, complex topography of the region, many regional human can not reach, so the only reliable means of remote sensing and feasible research methods, and remote monitoring of indicators of biological characteristics of the inversion method is the current field of research of quantitative remote sensing and difficult.This paper we use field data to establish wetland vegetation spectral biomass and leaf area index (LAI) of the best remote sensing inversion algorithm, using landscape ecological principles and methods to establish Delta wetland ecosystem health evaluation system, aimed for the future coastal health of the coastal wetland evaluation methods to guide for the health of our coastal wetlands provide a theoretical evaluation of operational and technical support to run for our coastal environment monitoring provide comprehensive integrated model of basic research and information support.In this paper, three research areas, carried out based on remote sensing technology Wetland Landscape Ecosystem Health Assessment: Shuangtaizihekou mainly wetland vegetation Suaeda salsa biomass and leaf area index of remote sensing inversion studies; DaYang River estuary wetland mainly carried out Ecological health assessment of the landscape; Bohai region is mainly carried out by human activities impact on the coastal wetlands evaluation, the above study are the main conclusions are:1).By the end of September the spectral characteristics of Suaeda Salsa: In the red band, 630nm, there is a clear reflection of the peak, a reflection rate of 12-15%; between 680nm and 700nm, there is a clear"Red Valley"configuration; about 760nm there is a clear "Red Edge" reflection rate of 25-30%. Finding that between Vegetation Index(SAVI and MSAVI) and LAI correlation value is the best than other Vegetation Index in the regression analysis of the LAI and Vegetation Index. The correlation coefficient R2 is 0.711. By comparison of Vegetation index Linear regression equations, the correlation coefficient (SAVI and LAI) R2 is 0.696; the value of R2 (LAI and MSAV) is 0.695; the value of R2 (RVI) is 0.664; the value of R2 (NDVI) is 0.649 and the value of R2 (PVI) is 0.466. The value of correlation coefficient is low between the biomass and the vegetation indexes (RVI and NDVI) and the value of Linear regression equation R2 is 0.342 and 0.316, and the Logarithmic regression equation R2 is 0.319 and 0.21, and the Quadratic equation R2 is 0.589 and 0.568.the value of correlation coefficient is high between the biomass and the vegetation indexes (PVI, SAVI and MSAVI), the value of linear regression equation is 0.626,0.698 and 0.679, logarithmic regression equation is 0.592,0.706 and 0.683 and the Quadratic equation is 0.688,0.711 and 0.683。2). From 1984 to 2008, the landscape pattern of data analysis, DaYang River estuary wetland landscape pattern is reasonable, mainly estuaries original wetland vegetation and agricultural production activities, mainly industrial production is relatively small, maintaining a more complete estuarine wetlands system. But in recent years, with the development of the sea aquaculture, wetlands - paddy field - aquaculture conflicts have become increasingly prominent. The transfer from the matrix patch type of space, the sea around the development of fish farming is the main reason of the disappearance of natural wetlands estuary, in 1984 to 2008, respectively, around the sea farming from the reeds coastal wetlands and tidal flats occupied 881.5hm2 and 321.29hm2, accounting for reed wetland area to 17.6% in 1984 and 19.56% mudflat area, from the paddy fields occupied 870.93hm2, paddy field area in 1984 accounted for 9%.3).Bohai coastal development intensity of human activities, much of which to the greatest degree of human activity in Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay and Liaodong Bay followed. Bohai Bay has almost no natural original wetland habitat environment; Laizhou Bay west of the Yellow River Delta is an ideal habitat quality, and with the Yellow River to the stacking interaction makes the Laizhou Bay, the new wetland area is increasing But in recent years in the area of wetlands has been developed into new aquaculture farms, destruction of the local coastal environmental quality and risk disasters. Liaodong Bay area is still natural coastal landscape of wetlands, And the rich wetland resources, from 1995 to 2008, since the coastal wetlands mining and road, pipeline construction, the area of wetland landscape began to fragmentation exacerbated the trend, around the sea farming land while expanding, many shoals and mudflats have been developed into a crab breeding area, destroyed the local natural environment.