| The research object of this paper is the influence on ecological environment caused by surface mining in karst rocky desertification areas, taking Pingguo as the example. On the basis of the former experience and technique in ecological control, through field investigation, monitoring in fixed sample plot and demonstration areas, by using sustainable development theory, multi-objective decision, method of system analysis, ecological landscape science, restoration ecology, biological, ecological economics, management, anti-poverty theory, man-land relationship regional system theory, and so on, combined with new policy guidance and market change, the investigation on mining environment effect and ecological comprehensive treatment technology was carried out in theoretical foundation, recovery technique, soil and water conservation, land use structure changes and policies of ecological protection. The research on rocky desertification ecological management technology is based on the characteristic of ecosystem, accord with the ecological, economical, social benefits, combined with ecological environment construction, total dynamic balance of cultivated land, and anti-poverty. The vegetation and ecological environment are gradually renewed; strong radiation effect reclamation demonstration is built. It has great practical significance to the social economic development, protect the frail ecological balance of karst areas and prevent further expansion of Rocky Desertification mountainous bare areas. The first time, the landscape ecological spatial structure analysis method,applied to Pingguo bauxite mining areas, restoration of ecological forecasts, the region has been the development trend of ecological environment and influencing factors, time and spatial variation. In this paper, the impact of socio-economic sustainable development in mining areas vulnerable ecological environment, the main driving force factors and temporal and spatial changes in the study area presented the ecological environment comprehensive treatment technology and the fragile eco-environmental protection policies and measures.The main research results of the paper are as follows: (1) The main cause of the ecological fragility is the result of the interaction by primary vulnerability with climate condition and geological and geomorphological conditions and secondary vulnerability caused by human activities stress.This paper summarized the predecessor's s research results, investigated and analyzed the main forming factors of ecological environment vulnerability in Pingguo Bauxite. In the research, it found that genetic mechanism of karst rocky desertification and ecological vulnerability were caused by irrational utilization of land and resources, soil erosion, acid salt lithologic, surface water loss, vegetation degradation and lose, land biological productivity degeneration, and etc. This paper introduces the Ecological Landscape the concept of land rocky desertification has improved and added to enrich the definition of rocky desertification. Then soil quality and soil water in Nadou were evaluated, the effect on Ecological Environment caused by soil nutrient variation was calculated. It analyzes the soil moisture ecosystem mechanism, and utilizes the reservoir benefit model and soil water pollutants migration risk prediction model after original vegetation destruction.(2) The surface mining of Pingguo Bauxite forces the original vegetation drastically destroyed, soil lost, landslide, debris flow, and other geological hazard happed. It seriously threats the mine ecological environment, intensifies the development of rocky desertification. Through the investment of the geological, natural conditions, mine land use, soil resources condition and mining technology, the paper study the influence on ecological environment caused by surface mining, the ecological landscape change, and evaluate the mine geological environment by Bayes discriminant analysis model.(3) By analysis of the soil and water conservation and conservation model after reclamation in Pingguo Bauxite second stage, the complete and feasible experiences are summarized; it has strong reference meaning to soil and water conservation in the mines of Karst areas and other mine areas. The total cultivated land dynamic equilibrium is the key of the land use research. The land use structure change made the total cultivated land change. The best use of the reclaimed land in Pingguo Bauxite was fixed by the Suitability Evaluation of reclaimed land in mining area.(4) Surface mining makes the ecosystem drastically damaged and degenerated. The principal way of the ecological reconstruction comprehensive management is to understand the cause of ecological fragility and the effect by ecological factors. The comprehensive management research for ecological reconstruction of Pingguo Bauxite in karst areas was made in three ways:engineering reclamation and biological reclamation and mycorrhizal technology, It accelerates the ripening of soil and vegetation reconstruction. Successfully used Pingguo aluminum industry waste as recycled topsoil reclamation of artificial materials, and made the best with soil program, that is, to solve the lack of the casing of the problem, the initial implementation of the mine waste reduction, resource and harmless. And ecosystem after reclamation was evaluated and proved in three aspects:economic benefit, social benefit, and ecological benefit. In the paper, it constructs landscape ecological spatial structural model, and predicts land use structure change and the eco-system after goaf ecological reconstruction; it establishes the integrated cost benefit analysis Grey Evaluation model based on the reclamation efficiency, the prediction and evaluation results prove that the Ecological in Pingguo Bauxite is successful.(5) It puts forward the concept of eco-system, analyzes the characteristic of the entironment safeguard in karst areas, and proposes eleven constructive measures for policies of ecological protection in karst rocky desertification areas.
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