| The physico-chemical and bioreactive characteristics of PM present in the ambient air in Harbin were investigated using a combination or atmospheric environmental sciences, environmental toxicology, inorganic biochemistry and molecular biology. Six different types included particle-types were identified by SEM, with the main type being mineral particulate. Fine particle fly-ash with size in the range of 0.6μm in diameter. According to the EDX analysis performed on the surfaces of the particles, mineral-based particles and sulfurated particulates were identified and discussed in detail, with three possible mechanisms for the sulfuration of salt or mineral particles suggested. Five bioreactive elements identified in the water-soluble sample and 13 bioreactive elements present in the bulk sample were analyzed using the plasmid DNA assay. The result suggest that these active elements are the dominant elements in combined competition between element and plasmid DNA. The discrepancy of bioreactivity originates from variation and differences in elemental concentration and depends mainly on rare-earth elements. Analysis on the partern of toxicity and antagonistic effects indicated that the effect of an element was concentration-dependent. For the quantitative evaluation of the bioreactivity of each particle-type, the PI index evaluation model was established. The evaluated results revealed that samples collected in spring displayed the strongest capacity of damage and max PI value (2.03), whereas summer sample showed the lowest capacity of damage and a min PI value (0.06)...
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