Research On Key Problems Of Emergency Management

Since the 20th century, all kinds of emergencies have been occurring frequently. These incidents are so paroxysmal that they become significant threats to people's lives, their property, and the society. Frequent emergencies have been causing a number of significant tragedies. Although we have been getting experiences from each tragedy, the tragedies continue. Lack of precautions to these emergencies should be taken into account as some of the reasons; other reasons include lack of proper anticipation, effective response to rescue plans, and particularly the lack of adequate information about emergency levels, classifications and other factors in the system, which may cause a delay in the rescue.From the viewpoint of safety philosophy, safety is relative and risk is absolute. Precautionary steps may prevent the incident, but the present science and technology can not reach the level of predicting and preventing all of incidents. Some incidents are still impossible to defend effectively. Therefore, making an emergency plan is absolutely necessary. The statistics in some industrialized countries indicates that the system of having valid emergency plans can reduce damage of 6% by comparing with no such plans. Facts prove that emergency plans play important parts in emergency rescue system. In order to make use of the emergency plan sufficiently, research on prevention and control of emergencies should be attached to the importance. The system of an emergency rescue plan and its implementation should be made and valid measures should also be taken. So that it can reduce the loss of life and property, the influence on politics, economy and culture in society resulting from disaster. Emergency Response Center is the "nerve center" of emergency management, the center should have communication, early warning, disaster assessment and monitoring, the geographic distribution of major hazards, coordination and distribution of relief efforts, public awareness and news coverage and many other functions, if a specific emergency plan through the assessment on managers at all levels and managers should familiar with the contents of the emergency plan.The emulation exercise is to evaluate emergency plans, only through a scientific exercise the emergency plan can guarantee emergency response effectively.Emergency Management refers to the government and other public agencies, in emergency advance before the outbreak of the prevention, incident response process, the disposal and recovery management process for the recovery, salvation and a series of acts of planning, through scientific Emergency Management to establish coping mechanisms for different situations, to take a series of necessary measures to protect public life and property safety;Emergency Management is the whole process of emergency response, including emergency prevention, early warning, response and rehabilitation. Emergency management can be divided into emergency preparedness, emergency management, monitoring and early warning, emergency response and rescue, recovery and reconstruction. Emergency Management is a dynamic management, reflected in all stages in the response to a emergency.Based on the key problems of emergency management, this paper mainly made the following research:Research on the unexpected events occurrence probability of major hazardous based on Markov random process, Presented its accident probability model, and a specific evaluation method are given to evaluate personnelMade the significant improvements of hazardous evaluation model, in the model adequately reflected the active role of a scientific and rational emergency plan.This paer proposed the establishment procedures and response procedures of an emergency plan. Through the evaluation of object, resource evaluation, implementation, monitoring and information feedback, the program dynamically adjustment put forward the process of emergency response. Put forward a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on multi-level comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate a emergency plan, quantified the time factor, personnel loss factors, economic loss factors, social factors, resource consumption factors, transport and protection factors, the program dynamically adjust the factors and some sub-factors. Through simulation exercises, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to assess the emergency plans and get a reasonable assessment result.Established a mathematical model of emergency resources distribution problem, and use two algorithms solving the model. Proposed emergency resource distributing model assumptions and defined the parameters of the model.This paper achieved heuristic distribution model of emergency resources based on genetic algorithm. In the algorithm, I added the heuristic initial population generation method, proposed fitness function dynamic control method, Contrast cross-point selection method and iterative backtracking to control the population evolution. Thereby we improved the convergence of the algorithm and the efficiency of finding the optimal solution.Achieved ant colony algorithm and optimized the pheromone update strategy, the path selection strategies, spatial topology strategy. Compared the two algorithms proposed in this paper with the traditional algorithms, and the experimental results proved the feasibility of these two algorithms in solving emergency resource distribution problems and provide valuable supports for decision-makers.