The Chinese And Western Architectural Culture Communion During 17～(th)-18～(th) Century

A large-scale cultural communion between China and the West from the 17thcentury to the 18th century accelerated the social development of both sides. Thedepth and the extent of this communion involved philosophy, religion, naturalscience, literature and art. Seen from the architecture area, plastic arts, includingChinese landscape garden, furnishings and porcelain, etc, influenced the Westinsignificantly and Chinese artistic style came into being in the West. Therefore,"rococo" art and freedom layout, "Natural Landscape Gardens", "Anglo-Chinois"Gardens appeared in the West in 18th century. Meanwhile, China acceptedWestern–style architecture and reached its top for "the Western Building" creation inWinter Palace. Over a long period of time, dispute of architectural culture existedbetween Chinese and western scholars. As far as it goes, theoretical study has notbeen lucubrated and there still existed vacancy in architectural culture communionbetween China and the West. In terms of social and historical background at home and abroad during 17th -18th century, (In Ming and Qing dynasty, China), this study focused on analysis ofChinese architectural culture's influence to the West and vice versa. The study is as follows, Chapter 1, background. Architectural culture communion between China andthe West has originated and carried through for a long time. Based on the relativestudy achievements in home and abroad, this chapter first compared and discussedChinese and western history, their relation, different politics, culture and economysituation respectively during the 17th and the 18th century. Then, Chinese and westernarchitectural culture communion status at this period was summarized. Chapter 2, Chinese architecture during western architectural culture absorption.In this chapter, general understandings of domestic people to western architecturalstyle were studied first. Then, the western architecture development status and itscourse in China at this period were analyzed and illustrated on the basis ofdocuments mentioned above. Further more, western architecture development inChina and its' influence to China were lucubrated according to many architecturalstyles, as religious architecture, commercial architecture, garden and parkarchitecture. In the end, the other aspects of architecture, including architectural 4technology,architectural material, architectural art, architect term, architectural paintand architectural furnishings, etc, were analyzed in details. Chapter 3, Western architecture during Chinese architectural cultureintroduction. In this period, "Chinoiserie" (中国热)sweeping in the West, resultedin "rococo" style appearance. In the mean time, Chinese garden arts' introductioninto the West broke western classic garden art predomination and, new garden style,freedom layout of natural landscape garden appeared in the West. In view ofexpatiation of the occidental's understanding course to Chinese architecture, thischapter illustrated indoor furnishings variation, "rococo" appearance in the West andits' connection with Chinese architectural art, and Chinese garden art spread in theWest thoroughly.