Research On Dynamics Of Urban Green Space Landscape And Planning Based On RS And GIS

By using QuickBird images of year 2002 and 2005 as the main data source, with the supporting of RS and GIS techniques, this research distilled the green space information of Shenzhen city, analyzed the dynamics of Shenzhen city's green space landscape and associated influencing factors with the application of landscape ecology theory, as well as forecasted the dynamic trends of green space by the utilization of Markov model, based on these analysis this paper discussed the ecology planning of green space landscape of Shenzhen city, which aimed to provide scientific arguments to facilitate building rational urban green space structure for such quickly urbanizing area, accordingly exerting the functions of urban green space system. Following are the results of this research.1. The urban green space of Shenzhen special economic zone (Shenzhen SEZ) could be classified into seven types: park green space, productive green space, shelter green space, attached green space, residential green space, road green space and other green space. There are many differences between each type, for instance, other green space has the largest area for 65% of total, park green space follows has 12%, shelter green space has the minimum area for no more than 2%. From the point of green space landscape coverage rate, the highest is Yantian district, secondary are Luohu district and Nanshan district, Futian district is the lowest.2. From 2002 to 2005, the total green space area of Shenzhen SEZ increased from 20180.39hm~2 to 20330.28hm~2, the patch number increased from 66466 to 88383, green space coverage rate improved from 50.99% to 51.36%. According to the change of landscape index, the landscape diversity index and evenness were increasing, while the dominance and contagion were decreasing. This phenomenon demonstrates the distribution of green space is equal, the proportion of each type of green space is in the trends of harmonious and the distribution of pitches is dispersive. Because of the disturbance of human activities, the fragmentation degree was increasing, fractal dimension was decreasing, the shapes of pitches was tending to simplify which lack of natural shapes, the landscape cohesion and line corridor density were increasing, it shows the potential of connectedness between different green landscapes was increasing.3. Indicated to the park green space landscape pattern analysis result: The structure of park green space is unreasonable, it is consisted mainly of super-large patches (area≥100000m~2) which dominates more than 90% of the total park green space area, all of other types of park green space(area< 100000 m~2) only account for 10%. The uneven distribution of park green space in different districts, comparatively, Nanshan district, Futian district and Luohu district have more park green space, Yantian district has a serious lack of park green space. The fragmentation degree of park green space is higher, especially the small patches (area<500 m~2). Isolation of landscape is bigger, distribution of patches is dispersive. Fractal dimension of patches is lower, the boundaries of patches are regular with simple shapes.4. The transformations of landscape from 2002-2005 demonstrates the area of transformation between green space and non-green space is large, majority of those transformations were transformed from other green space to non-green space, there were few mutual transformations between different types of green space.5. The dynamic trend of green space forecasting by the utilization of Markov model demonstrates: The total green space area of researching region will increase while non-green space decreasing to 2011. Park green space, attached green space, road green space and residential green space will increase gradually, among them the increasing rate of attached green space is sharp, however other green space and productive green space will decrease correspondingly.6. This study analyzed the influencing factors of green space landscape dynamics from both aspects of natural factors and human factors. The result shows human activities was the major influencing factor for the changing of green space distribution, the expansion of road network was the main reason for fragment degree increase, moreover, natural conditions were the vital restrictive factor of green space landscape dynamics.7. During the process of urban green space landscape planning, Shenzhen city persisted the principles of ecological priority, landscape continuity, diversity, Sustainability and adjusting measures to local conditions, took improving city environmental quality, optimizing the structure of green space distribution, developing green space collocation and conservation level, improving the diversity of green space landscape as strategic goals, tried to build a urban green space system with consists of 'regional green space—ecological corridor system—urban green space'.