Research And Analysis On Several Main Issues Of Metric Heat Supply

Saving the energy and protecting the environment is the theme of carrying out the sustainable development strategy in 21 century. According to the statistics, the construction energy consumption of the developed countries accounts for 30%-40% of the national gross energy consumption, among which the majority is the heat energy consumption. Our country's construction energy consumption accounts for 16%-18% in the national gross energy consumption, and the heat energy consumption is about 10%. Therefore, saving for the heat energy has always been paid much attention by every country government. Especially, the heat supply computation measure adopted by the European Union countries has saved about 20% of the heat energy dramatically, which is vigorously followed by East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent Countries. In recent years, with the rapid development of our country's centralized heat supply and implementation of the reform of the heat supply system, the heat supply computation measure has been tried in many northern cities. We gains considerable experiences, but there are several problems. This article made overall research and analysis on the European Union countries, and especially the standards, rules, policies and specific measures and experiences when German carries on the metric heat supply, and referred to the experiences from East European countries and Commonwealth Independent countries, and it closely considered our country's practical situation, summarized the experiments in the recent years, and worked over relevant problems in our country's carrying out of the heat supply system reform and achieved the following fruits and conclusions.This article analyzed the total different backgrounds between our country and European Union countries on carrying out the metric heat supply in detail, and pointed out that implementing the metric heat supply in our country now was restricted by many objective conditions. Therefore, the author suggested that when we carried out the metric heat supply experiments in 15 provinces and cities of north China, the five basic conditions had to be realized, and then we can achieve the prospective results, i.e. 1) The trying buildings should meet national"Two step"or"one step"energy saving standard; 2) The heat supply system must have good hydraulic balance; 3) Ensure the heating water quality reach the requirement of the heat supply standard so as to avoid the harm to the heat measurement device and temperature control valve; 4) The heating system should have more than one year or two years operation practice; 5) For the newly-built buildings, the occupancy should be above 75%. Based on the present development of our market-oriented economy, economic features of the heat supply enterprises, administration system jurisdiction, price and taxation system, followed the principle of the price must cover the cost, it proposed one social average heat price method, including: composition of the heat price cost; statistical method of each costs; fixing on the profit and revenue; suggestion on adjustment and management method of the price and the establishment of the social security system for the low-income group.Since our country's heat supply has followed the heat area price (i.e Yuan/m2) all along, after the heat quantity price was fixed according to the market economic rule, buildings that implement the metric heat supply will follow the heat quantity price, while before the metric heat supply is spread completely, the two methods, i.e. heat quantity price and area price will be in co-existence for long term. Therefore, this article deduced the universal formula that computes the heat quantity price of buildings of different loads on the social average heat price that accords with the market rule and the heat supply design load of different buildings. .Made some investigation on the occurrence, meaning and historic and present functions of the"two-part system"heat expense distribution method, which is popular nowadays in the world, and made it clear that our country's present"two-part heat price"should actually be called as"two-part heat expense distribution". As for the method of implementing"two-part heat expense distribution", it proposed appropriate proportion between the basic heat expense part and practical consumption expense part.In this article, it pointed that on the selection of the heat computation method, the principle of the income from the heat computation should higher that the cost of the heat computation, and otherwise, the energy is saved, while the money is not saved, which will become the obstacle to implement the metric heat supply. This article expatiated on the principles and precisions of various computation methods and proposed proper choosing method, and gave the examples. It suggests to mainly using the evaporation heat distribution meter now, and the family heat meter as the supplement, and through long-time experiments, summarizing the experience and then extending it gradually.It successfully developed the evaporating heat distribution meter for the first time in our country, which have been put into batch production. The author of this article illustrated the basic principle of the evaporating heat distribution meter and delivered some new contributions on the selection of the evaporating agent and coloring agent, design and calculation of the evaporating fluid tube and compiling of universal program for the scale of the gauge. The C-value test of the evaporating heat distribution meter is the first time in our country. In this article, it compiles our country's first software for the heat quantity and expense distribution settlement needed by heat distribution meter computation based on reference of relevant oversea standard and experiences and combining our practice. It conducted various assess and verification on the computation program combing with the field test data. It is the compulsory tools in the spread and application of the evaporating heat distribution meter, heat cost settlement and heat cost distribution.