| As society has developed the importance of the clean water and the removal of the wastewater has increased. At the same time it has become a point of dispute between various actors. In a more general level, water has also a civilizing role; both running water and water closet has been already long considered as an indispensable condition for modern society.The City of Baghdad, Iraq, requires a new water treatment plant (WTP) to stop the shortages of drinking water and replace the existing plants, which cannot cope with the increased demands placed on them by Baghdad's high growth population estimated of 6% per year. Building new WTP have been promoted as a possible solution to meet future demands for water supply. This thesis presents design and implementation of a GIS-based model to identify the most suitable site for a new water treatment plant. The first objective for this research is to identify the constraints and factors related to sitting a water treatment plant, the criteria were developed to locate WTP taking into numerous variables such as: distance from the main city, road distance, distance form source water, topographic, landuse/landcover, present population density, and the existing water supply system. A questionnaire has been conducted to compute the weights for these variables. The second objective is to develop a GIS-based water treatment plant sitting model. The third objective is to apply the water treatment plant model to the City of Baghdad to produce a site suitability map.This dissertation is subdivided into six chapters. Chapter 1 provides a definition of the study area, magnitude of the problem, objectives and purpose of the research study. Furthermore, describes the different methods used in this research as well as the different potential methods that were evaluated for the development of a water recourses management analysis methodology. Chapter 2 describes of the issues that are of key concern in the specific case of drinking water supply system in developing countries and Iraq. Chapter 3 describes the water supply in Baghdad city and displays the influences of the war on the water quality and water supply system as well. Chapter 4 gives the analysis and evaluation of the demand and supply of drinking water. Chapter 5 describes methodology of the study (discusses the GIS based model application to a case study of the water treatment plant on Baghdad city). Chapter 6 provides conclusions for this research and suggests recommendations for future work and model improvements.There are several tasks were undertaken to fulfill the purpose of this study. The first step is a review of available reports and studies of concern. Second, collection of data information from different offices and establishments such as the central statistical organization, historic data and research studies of concern. Third, make site visits to existing water works in Baghdad and the evaluation of these site visits. Fourth, collect data as to quantity and quality of water resources and the evaluation these data. The fifth step involved a literature review to identify pertinent sitting criteria relevant to the study area. Sixth, using the identified criteria, a GIS-based model was designed to site a water treatment plant. Seventh, data layers of land use, elevation and hydrology were gathered as well as information on proximity to source water, proximity to utilities and size constraints. The data were analyzed using a GIS-based weighted overlay approach using ArcGIS 9.0 to produce a suitability map identifying a number of potential sites. Out of an initial two candidate sites based on ranked criteria, the most suitable site was chosen primarily due to its non-interference with residential, parks and commercial land use, thus mitigating public concerns. GIS has proven to be a powerful and effective tool at incorporating spatial dimensions to accurately assess and locate suitable sites for a water treatment plant within the Baghdad city.This research gives a clear picture of water supply in Baghdad city and provides an efficient solution for Iraq government on the project of solving urgent problem on water shortage. This work has a creation of using overlay technique in ArcGIS 9.0 instead of selecting sites based on social/political views for setting up a new model for identifying sites of water treatment plants, because in an overlay, all potential sites are identified with valid qualifiers and equally analyzed. The second item is to set up new sitting criteria for drinking water supply in which it has the capability to enable the effective management of water drinking supply. This newly set-up model for choosing suitable site of WTP is significantly useful in Iraq and will help to lay out a reasonable distributing of WTP.This paper of GIS Technique and its application in the field of drinking water is not only meaningful in academic but also in practice. Firstly, in theory, this research is helpful for people to acknowledge and grasp the common rule of water resource management in the present situation, helpful to make it clear of the relationship between natural resources and GIS technique, helpful to develop a GIS-based water treatment plant sitting model and to identify criteria of constraints and factors related to sitting water treatment plant. Secondly, in practice, this research is helpful for government planners to look at a much wider scope of alternatives to meet the demands and also reinforces the role of water quality in water resources assessment, helpful for staff in Water Resources ministry in Iraq which has more clear acknowledgment of water resources management and function of GIS technique in this field.GIS is a powerful tool for communicating and explaining the site selection analysis to officials and the public. The technique is objective as well as it is easy to understand and present in order to aid planner and developers in decision-making processes.
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