Study On Genetic Diversity Of Common Nandina And The Evaluation System For Utilization Of The Garden In Hunan

Common Nandina(Nandina domestica Thunb)belonges to Berberidaceae. It is a plant that has many values in Ornamental,ecology,medicine and so on.In order to solve the problems of researches on its species resource,genetic diversity,growing regularities,stress breeding study,and less exploitation and utilization in landscaping,the article inquired into the different endemic species and studied it's distribution,resource type and ecological adaptability of Common Nandina in Hunan. The systemic researches of morphology,growth regularities and of the reproductive characteristics and exploitation and utilization in garden,and genetic diversity have been done in this article.The ornamental characteristics and impression were analyzed,and the genetic structure analysis and molecular identification among different species have been done,result in the standard system for exploitation and utilization were established in Hunan.Primary conclusion as follows:In Hunan area,the change rules of Common Nandina Phonology:The bud in early spring sprout after the soil thaw and before gale coming,about mid-February to early March tree buds begin to germinate,The time from early March to late March to the end is buds bulked period,the leaves and inflorescence,which are not starting expanding, take out in early April.The bud period is the time from in early April to late April.And the florescene period is as long as sustained about three months from early May to mid-July,seeds mature in the mid-October,which belong to late mature is later,the ornamental force,after the strong injury,auxiliary shoots and bud often sprout soon,and the branches germinates.The annual growth regularity of new shoots and leaves follows the fitted curve of the Logistic equation.Common Nandina completes bud differentiation in the first year,and blessoms next year.belongs bud differentiation 180-210 days is needed from blossoms to fruit.The results of Morphological research showed that genetic diversity was much abundant in Common Nandina in Hunan. The average variation coefficient(CV)was 29.956% among the 25 morphological characters. Genetic distance(Nei's)ranged from 0.001 to 1.000,and the average genetic distance was 0.5005.In 25 morphological characters,the shape of leaf and the fruit,characters of flower,color of soft tip(leaf)were the decisive factors limit classification of Common Nandina,of which revealed about 70.986% morphological information.Common Nandina from different place can classify by these characters.According to UPGMA clustering results and principal components analysis(PCA)and their geographical origins'characters,13 sources from Hunan were classified in 5 clusters:Having not good ornamental effect were the first type,such as zhangjiajie,Yizhang,Xinhua; And the second type has big body,circular or ellipse fruit,which were red or brown red,has better ornamental effect such as Yueyang,Shaoshan,Hengshan Mount,Qiyang; the V02(Baijia)of purple-red leaf in fall and winter and the V10 were different type alone,belong to the fourth type and the fifth typerespectively;Other sources belong to the third type,their Morphological characters were not obvious.According to these researches on Peroxidase(POD),Superoxid dismutase Isoenzyme(SOD),Enzyme(EST)Cytochrome(COD),Esterase isozymes,the, connection and genetic diversity were selected in different source of Hunan.After isoenzyme electricity swimming and dying,drawing up the patterns,measuring the Rf value,the results showed that 13 sources different isoenzyme'belt number,position had bigger difference and 13 sources diversity were much abundant,the blood relationship were complex in Hunan. According to 13 sources of different isoenzyme electrophoresis patterns,We use the method of the Dice coefficient to calculate their coefficient. The results showed that the difference of coefficient in sources was bigger. The POD Dice coefficient was 0.500-1.000, the EST Dice coefficient was 0.500-1.000,the SOD Dice coefficient was 0.364-1.000, the COD Dice coefficient was 0.556-1.000. By using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS13.0)software,to carry out the source UPGMA clustering,13 sources were detached in different distance and were placed into three different clusters.By using NTSYSpc2.1 analysis software,the principal components analysis was carried out. the Dice coefficient matrix were transformed by the Dcenter data means,eigenvalue and eigenvector were calculated. two-dimensional chart and three-dimensional chart were drew.The 2D and 3D charts showed that the cluster from the same isozyme by the Principal Coordinates Analysis(PCOD)and the cluster of UPGMA clustering method were consistent.The exploration and optimization tests have been carried on through some important parameters in ISSR response procedure,which established the reacting system and the response procedure which have been stable and suitable to Common Nandina 13 sources genetic diversity and genetic differentiation research by ISSR-PCR analysis. The genetic diversity was analyzed to 13 Common Nandina sources of Hunan. From 100 ISSR primer combinations,10 were selected for the analysis based on numeber and quality of polymorphic fragments,which repetition were better,the strip belt was special,polymorphric were obvious. A total of 56 ISSR markers were identified,of which 48(85.7%)were polymorphic,there were 4.8 polymorphic in every primer combinations.The fragments of amplified bands ranging were from 300 to 1600 bp.The results of genetic distance(Nei's)and genetic similar coefficient showed:the genetic distance was the least between the V05 and the V12 (0.1133),the corresponding genetic similar coefficient was the biggest (0.9286). But the Nei's genetic distance was the farthest between V09 and the V10(0.6581),the corresponding genetic similar coefficient was the smallest(0.5179).This indicated the V05 and the V12 sources habitats were similar,but the difference of the V09 and the V10 may be bigger.Through NTSYS-pc software and MVSP32 software to analyze 13 sources Common Nandina Nei's distance,we found that V05,V07,V08,V12 comparatively were similar in the heredity,and they were clustered as one type kind;V11,V13 were more similar,and they were clustered as another type; the similarity of V02,V03,V04 was nearer,its may be clustered as one type; V01,V06,V09,V10 were farther with other three kinds of similarities, and each was clustered as one type respectively. The relevant coefficient between the morphological mark and the molecular mark was 0.213,both correlation were not higher.The ornamental characters of Common Nandina was higher,of which main performance were directly or indirectly to be viewed; the manners of view had the landscape,indoor potted ornamental plants and ornamental decorations; The green technique were varied and the common such as mass planting, clump planting,hedgerow,and the grassprot planting,the garden virescence,bonsai and pot plantingand ikebana.Common Nandina ornamental Characters were analyzed by Grey correlative Degree comprehensive evaluation.From finally appraising the results,the order of 13 different Common Nandina sources were in turn Liuyang Baijia Nandina,Yueyang County Nandina,the Huanghua airport Nandina,Hengshan Nandina, Yichang Nandina, Shaoshan Nandina, Qiyang Nandina,the Hong Chiang Nandina;Miluo Nandina,the Zhuzhou Lusong area Nandina,Loudi Xinhua Nandina, Zhangjiajie Nandina,the Yiyang Taojiang from good to poor.The Liuyang BaiJia Nandina was the No.1 in 13 source,and the ornamental Characters was. extremely good,and the landscape impression was the best. The uniformity between the experimental analysis result and the garden application actual effect was better.The evaluation system for exploitation and utilization value of Common Nandina was established by using Analytic hierarchy process(AHP). Based on final evaluation result,BaiJia Nandina,Yueyang County Nandina,Huanghua airpot Nandina,Qiyang Nandina,Hengshan Nandina and Yizhang Nandina were listed in the gradeâ… orâ…¡, its score of ornamental value,rescourcese potential, biology characteristic were the highest. Taojiang Nandina,Shaoshan Nandina and so on which had very high ornamental value actually,but they were ordered in the gradeâ…¢, the main reasons were some restrictively factors such as resisting ability, resources quantity,nature or biology characteristic property, of which brought about that its appraisal synthesis value were the lowest.By establishment of the evaluation system for exploitation and utilization value of Common Nandina in Hunan,the evaluation method was no longer restricted to the qualitative description and appraisal of Common Nandina viewing value to ornamental plants. It can quite comprehensively accurately reflect the exploitation and utilization character of the ornamental plant resources;This was a perfect evaluation method to avoid environment havoc and resource waste in exploitation and utilization. It was one quite ideal evaluation method. The evaluation result which was applied to ornamental plants in the Hunan area,will play a guiding role in the local ornamental plants for the development and utilization of Common Nandina resources.In conclusion, the resources of Baijia,Yueyang Common Nandina were the best and the exploitation and utilization value were the highest and may be exploited and utilized to the garden widely. The other aspects value of Zhangjiajie Common Nandina,Shaodong Common Nandina were exploited for the purpose, such as minisize bonsai and keeping natural environment.This method system was proved to be satisfied in flexibility and accuracy and it was a scientific foundation for exploiting and utilizing the Nandina domestic in Hunan.