Exploitation And Application Of The Triangle Theory Based Forest Hypsometer

Forest hypsometer is the common tool widely used in studies of forest management, forest resources survey, the use of forest harvesting, forest carbon sequestration estimates, and many other technical fields. In forest production the current altimeter for a single measurement does not apply to the analysis of high jungle environment situation. Therefore, this thesis developed four kinds of new equipments to enhance forest measurement with high practical performance, increase of the field working efficiency, based on the principle of triangulation altimetry theory. The new equipments with development thinking and innovative design have four types, including the one of altimetering at any point, the one of quasi-type continuously variable from the altimeter, the one with wheel spin control, and the one with improvement of the high-style Chris Tuen altimeter device. The results are as follows:(1) Device of altimetering at any pointMeasuring at any point made the altermeter device design of better structure, being with open lid style case, and invention of "horizontal distance from the line of continuous change" and "altermetering by continuously variable high-line", and solved the forest optional point selection problem. In the production, the proposed aluminum shell mold casting port settings in the top, while the metal mold by heating simultaneously with the vertical casting method, casting off the rough shaping good rate reached 98%. In the installation process, the altermeter is with 6" level theodolite and special calibration device to make the readings accurate. In addition, the altimeter device at any point also carried out the applied technology, and the results showed that in terms of measuring with high-precision at any point has no significant difference compared with the traditional Blume-Leiss altermeter, to meet the needs of conventional forestry survey. These two kinds of altermeter devices has a hight impact on canopy density and slope of the products, but the impact of this device is pretty small, even in the canopy density of 1.0 or above 25°slope. The present results showed that in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 canopy densities and the slope of 25°below the standards, the new altimeter device can improve the efficiency of 0.5 to 2 times more than that of the Blume-Leiss. And the greater the canopy density and slope, the greater its efficiency is improved.(2) Quasi-continuously variable altimeter deviceThe quasi-distance-type continuously variable altimeter is the basic design of the success in reading panel with fixed intervals using a "quasi-continuous horizontal distance between the lines" and the radial reading of "ladder-like contour " to solve the problem of vertical pin height of engraved parallel lines, not only being legible of scale height but also to achieve a shared value of more scale line, not only saving disk space for reading but also reading more of the horizontal distance lines in a limited space, and easy to use in the forest. In addition, in the prototype development the device has successfully integerated with the Blume Leiss -type quasi-continuous design for measuring, so that investigators in the field of forest can use the measuring device free of choice according to the scene. Morever, the device combined the two lines of 20m and 15m in horizontal distance, "two in one, mark up and down", making the engraved lines legible, and more suitable for the field use. In the prototype production, it borrows a relatively stable quality of CGQ-1-type altimeter, and the shell and control components as quasi-continuous measurement of high mechanical device to ensure the accuracy of the prototype production. In the development of reading plate, the use of visual programming method to solve the reading BSIC line engraving precision problems, through computer-aided design, not only being fast and accurate of the reading but also its high speed, achieved in a short time on a variety of lines matching and screening, including the spacing of lines, thickness, line color, etc. to have the reading of lines the best solution. At last, the study conducted outside tests for application of the industry, indicating that the quasi-type continuously variable high device has better efficient measurement in most cases than the altermeter at any point, but less in the forest canopy density below 1.0 in the conclusion.(3) Altimeter with wheel spinThe altimeter with wheel spin is given for the basic design structure, and focuses on the composition of the roller structure and working principle. Roller structure of the application of dynamic reading disk designed to lay the foundation for the new structure not only effectively increase the reading plate engraved line design area, but with the front cover reading window, implementation of the reading window with single horizontal distance between the lines, thereby reducing the possibility of occurrence of reading errors in the outside forest. In the reading panel design, with "reading-foot rectangle with" instead of the traditional "curved plate reading", providing foundation of reading disk rotating in the roller installed. In addition, the study analysis shows that high-roller test device with the added structure makes the roller increase in size and weight. The study initially proposed to control the roller 2 ~ 2.5cm in diameter within the technical requirements, and the flexible roller installation site selection, easy reading, error-prone, wide measuring range, etc. will make up for their shortcomings, and thus make the altimeter device in general superior to the traditional Blume-Leiss -type structure, a very promising new type altimeter.(4) Improved Chris Tuen altimetry deviceThe study presents an improved type of altimeter designed based on Chris Tuen device, discussed improvement ideas, methods, and prototype production process. In product design, it is proposed the "activities of foot corner" of the key design, so that the pitch angle is adjustable, and the changable of relative length of pole, rather than the original device as Chris Tuen altimeter must be used "2m" standard level. This is designed to bring the convenience of field use. Since any level is available, one does not need to bring outside industry benchmark, but instead of show of hands before tree, thus to reduce labor intensity and improve efficiency. In addition, the improvement of Tuen Chris altimeter type device using straight-line scale ruler rather than the original Chris Tuen altimeter device engraved lines, make it more readable, and will not increase the height value change arising from the dense groove, therefore, improved the accuracy of altimeter readings. In the prototype development process, it has successfully developed a central rectangular gap with a "gap-type activities, foot angle", resolved by foot "edge glow" and not easy to determine the location due to sight problems, but this technique has improved the tree high measurement accuracy. In addition, through the improvement of Chris Tuen altimeter type device, the research has proved that its standard error of measurement can be controlled within 5%, slightly lower than the Blume Leiss -type high-precision measurement and arbitrary point, but due to its choice of measuring point, no amount of distance, efficiency is about 2.5 times Blume-Leiss device, therefore, it is of great potential for its application in the large area of forest surveys.The study provides the practicality of the new high-tech equipment, improved the level of the forest field surveys to ensure the reliability and accuracy of raw data. Used in development of "continuous" and "quasi-continuous" design thinking, the new device can effectively increase the reading area of the cycloid disc structure, and provide foundation of the tree height measurement when the base was blocked, improving the altimeter design with triangulation altimetry theory.