Research On Irrigstion Infiltration Effect In Bed-Irrigating Sowing And Loose Soil Tillage Methods

The no-tillage farmland is an important measure for rush planting and protecting young plants in summer during the severe spring drought. It has a positive role in agricultural production in the arid western region . However, after the traditional Bed-irrigating sowing irrigation , the horizontal direction size of the soil moist areas is the 1.5 to 2.5 times of the vertical size. How to improve the depth of irrigation infiltration, and reduce evaporation, water seeding technique is to take the key to further water-saving efficiency of Bed-irrigating sowing.In conservation tillage, this article first applied Bed-irrigating sowing, influencing factors were analyzed to study the two soil status which can accelerate the infiltration of irrigation and two loose soil farming methods of cut and shovel .Then, the shape and size of the soil structure element which is beneficial to improve the depth of irrigation infiltration in the shallow digging of cut type were discussed. an experiment was carried out in Yangling, Shaanxi to test the effect of irrigation infiltration effect of the shallow digging of cut type and shovel type and compared the effect of irrigation with rotary tillage and no-tillage soil. established a mathematical model of cut-type light loose soil moist area. Designed an irrigating-sowing machine with a shallow cut loose type function, and simulation of artificial digging operations and analysised its stability.Finally an experiment was carried out in the farmland to test the combine irrigating-sower Which with spade and shovel loose shallow operations. The main conclusions obtained are as follows:1,The increase of soil porosity is the effective way to improve the water infiltration rate depth of irrigating-sowing. So, firstly proposed and studied a dicing style of topsoil cultivation method, which produces soil structure support each other, forming a favorable irrigation infiltration of large pores, and can be artificially control the cutting the size of clods, loose soil effect, but more complex tool movement. Secondly, according to a more dense soil characteristics of no-tillage farmland, shovel loose soil only on the path of irrigation infiltration shallow of the maize seed-bed parts, increase soil micro-pores, the corresponding irrigating-sowing joint operation machine has simple and compact structure, at the present research level, has more application prospect. 2. When the soil structure produced by shallow digging of cut type, which the largest size ranges of 10 ~ 40mm, the irrigation wetting peak moves down quickly, goes off when encountering the water, high moisture content, dry bulk density small. Using of the "Y"-type tools, the self-cleaning is good, the cut clods has a high degree of homogeneity, and distributed in the upper soil layers, while the pulverizer is basically located in the lower part of soil, irrigation infiltration fast, no water phenomenon , the overall position of humid regions is 13mm lower than in soil-free and spin-cultivated land area corresponding to the position of humid, the total depth of water infiltration is more than the corresponding values for free land increased by about 19.6mm, loosen the soil than the corresponding value increase of about 24.6mm, the ratio of irrigation horizontal and vertical infiltration depth decreases from the 1.27 to 0.8. The suitable soil-cut distance is 10 ~ 30mm.3. Aiming at the method of loosening the soil by cutting up clod on the surface, an easy solved mathematical model was set up. It gives a description of watering and penetrating through the soil.By contrasting the results of theoretical computation with the results of the experiments, it showed the two areas of cross-section of the humid region coincided up to 90%. The parameters of the depth of the seed hole, the depth of furrow depth and the measurement of soil particle formed in the loosening cultivation played an important role in reducing the width of the humid region and increasing its depth.4. Aiming at the method of shovel-like topsoil cultivation and the method of loosening the soil by cutting up clod on the surface, a theoretical calculation model was set up. It certified the water supply of irrigation per hole and per water supply of intermittent watering in the process of ditching.5. Through the field experiments on the shove-like surface tillage ditching and intermittent watering sowing machine, it shows: after scarification and watering by using the method of shovel-like topsoil cultivation, the average depth of the water seeping into the soil was 76.1mm. It is 4.8mm deeper than that of the no-tillage farmland and 5.2mm deeper than that of the rotary tilling soil. Under the earth surface about 50mm, the moisture content of the soil increased from 6.5% to 15.7%. Targets about the emergence rate, the seeding height of the corn and so on were all up to standard.The other performance parameters machinery such as: the yield of hill-seeding distance is 94.7%, the variation rate is 4.6%, the Index of reseeds is 1.82% , the index of leakage sowing is 2.19% ,the yield of seeds from water moist center distance is 96%, the rate of water and seeds in the same hole is 99.7% and so on, and those can meet the agricultural requirements. The innovation of the research:1. Put forward by increasing the micro porosity and the big porosity, to improve (by) water infiltration rate and depth of sowing irrigation methods. Corresponding to the two soils situation, separately studied two methods which can increase the soil porosity:(1) Propose and study a shallow digging of cut type method, which produces the basic focus of soil structure loose soil on top, and mutual support, Led to the formation of large pores which is in favor of irrigation infiltration. An irrigating-sowing machine for plant corn which can sow and irrigation for each hole was Designed with slider crank reciprocating motion, driving the cutter to loose soil and dig.(2) Took use of no-tillage farmland more compact, we proposed shallow shovel loose ribbon, with a direction perpendicular to keep the farmland no-till soil condition, and the method of increase the micro-porosity which on the path of irrigation soil infiltration. Studied and tested an irrigating-sowing machine which with shallow digging of shovel type to loose soil and ditch.2. Established a convenient for solving mathematical model of infiltration in irrigation.3. Established a theoretical model of Water supply for each hole in the Bed-irrigating sowing and Water supply of irrigation in the Ditching intermittence.