A Study On Models Of Community Co-management In China's Natural Conservation Zone

Compared with the amount of natural conservation area, most of the natural conservation zones are located at the undeveloped, remote area, with unique natural environment and abundant biological resources, poor transportation condition, and where many minority people live in. The contradictions between the natural conservation zone and local people are prominent. For this reason, the method of community co-management was introduced. Up to now, the application of community co-management method in China's natural conservation zone is still under first stage, which is necessary for further studying both in practically and theoretically.From the point view of stakeholder, motivation mechanism, and share of benefit, this paper classifies the managing models of community co-management in China's natural conservation zone with 5 types. For each type, a typical case-study is selected for further analysis. Analysis shows, the current practice of community co-management in China's natural conservation zone belongs to the models of improving livelihood with the help of the natural conservation zones or international organizations. Those models have common issues:basically all models are centralized authority management. Residents in the community have no true equality, neither co-management resources, participation not enough, number of participants small, lack of decentralization, non-government organizations are not well developed, and community capacity building has not been given sufficient attention.Existing theory and practice proved that, natural conservation zone is quasi-public goods, which has positive externalities. Resources community co-management faces both market failure and government failure. In this paper, Professor Ostrom's eight principles of self-governance are introduced to the analysis of five models of community co-management in China's natural conservation zone.Mode decomposition analysis results show that similar to the market failure and government failure, communities co-management in China's natural conservation zone also faces failures.This paper analyzes three constraint factors of community co-management in China's natural conservation zone:community participation, ownership and organizational structure. From the view of community participation in community co-management of China's natural conservation zone, analysis shows that, the community participation is not enough, the number of community participation too small, decentralization and empowerment is not enough in practice, little decision-making power in the community co-management and no right in the development and the right to modify the rule. From the perspective of property rights, community co-management of natural conservation zone, there is no real resources of co-management, ownership is unclear. From the organizational structure analysis, basically there is no multi-level organizational structure. Lack of organizational structure also restricts the effectiveness of community co-management of natural conservation zone.Based at the analysis above, the paper proposes a new model of community co-management:2+X model from the perspective of self-management. The main content of this model is:natural conservation zone-oriented, the combination of centralization and decentralization of management model. The author use simulation of decentralization to describe the system:The community management, protected area-oriented community is the main participants, equal cooperation of all stakeholders to share rights, and obligations. In addition, from the outside of community co-management system, this article proposes some suggestions about policies, legal aspects of community co-management.