Font Size: a A A

The Studies On The Effect Of The Soil Physical Properties On The Corn Eco-physiology And Their Regulation

Posted on:2003-04-16Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:C H LiFull Text:PDF
GTID:1103360092475512Subject:Crop Cultivation and Farming System
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
The studies on the effect of the soil physical properties on the corn co-physiology and regulate measures werecarried out at three locations, Henan Agricultural University,Henan Agricultural School and Agricultural Institute of Henan Work Farm with the methods of field research combined with potand barrel research. The results were as follows:1. The inherent and essential relation exited among soil physicalproperties, corn growth and development and activities of cornrhizosphere microbes. Numbers of microbes and activities of soilenzymes used to indicate the soil biology changed with thechanges of the soil physical properties such as soil texture orsoil bulk density. Generally speaking, in the soil with soil texture and bulk density suitable for com growth, there weremore microbes and higher activities of soil enzymes. Differentcorn growth and development as severely affected by soil physical properties made activities of corn rhizosphere microbes change,which were observed not only in the different soil textures and bulk densities, but also at different growth stage in the same soil textures. Soil physical properties had a greater direct-effect on corn growth and development than on activities of microbes, and soil rhizosphere microbes were more affected by corn growth and development than by soil properties. So,activities of rhizosphere microbes could be an index used to estimate soil properties and crop growth and development.2. Growth, distribution and physiological function of corn rootwere greatly affected by soil physical properties. Among three textural soils, sandy loam, loam and clay, loam was the suitable soil for com growth, harmonious with corn growth and development in the whole growth season. Compared with loam, more sub-roots, wider root diameter and more roots in thetop soil layer were observed in the texture of clay, on the other hand, less sub-roots, narrower root diameter and more roots in the deep soil layer existed in the texture of sandy loam. The root senesced earlier in sandy loam, starting from silking stage, than both in loam and clay loam, beginning from milking stage, where the corn grew slower. In a word, loam was suitable for corn root growth and development. With the increase of soil bulk density, shallower root distribution, less root numbers, weaker abilities to absorb nutrients and quicker senescence appeared in all experienced soil. The soil bulk density in the top soil layer affected root traits more greatly than in the deep soil layer, it was found that root growth had a compensative effect on soil physical properties. For instance, More and larger root grew in the top soil layer with lower soil bulk density when soil bulk density unfavorable to the root growth in the deep soil layer was large enough, but such effect was limited to make up for the negative effect made by larger bulk density.3. Nutrition uptake, distribution and redistribution were affected by soil physical properties. Firstly, different uptake amounts. Nutrients N, P, and K were absorbed the most by the plants growing in the loam, the least in sandy loam, and larger in loam sandy than in clay. On the other hand, the absorption amounts for the corn growing in the larger soil bulk density was higher than those in the lower soil bulk density. Secondly, different fertilizer effect. The order of fertilizer effect in different textures was as follows: sandy loam>loam sand>loam>clay. Finally, different redistribution among different plant organs, the order of transfer in different soils was as follows: sandy loam>loam sand >loam>clay, this order was still kept, although fertilizer decreased the nutrient redistributions, The nutrients transfer from vegetable organs to kernel gradually increases with the increase of soil bulk density4. Photosynthesis efficiencies in the corn leaf were different among the plants growing under different soil bulk densities. The order of all indexes in the leaf, such as Fv/Fm, PS II, qP and Pn in different textural soils was as follows: loam>loam sand>clay>sandy loa...
Keywords/Search Tags:Maize, Soil physical properties, Photosynthesis efficiency, Activities of rhizosphere microorganism, Soil tillage
PDF Full Text Request
Related items