Effects Of Tillage Methods On Soil Physical And Chemical Properties And Maize Of Yield Formation

In this study,the rainfall of Songnen Plain in semi arid region,and the seasonal and long-term soil tillage system of single soil water retention ability is poor,the limitation of increasing crops yield,discusses the rotary tillage,rotary tillage,no tillage and tillage subsoiling combination way,effects on soil physicochemical characters and yield formation of Maize,the experiment in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University experimental practice base,maize varieties for Xianyu 335,by randomized block design of rotary tillage,rotary tillage(conventional RT)flat(FT)(NT),no tillage,rotary tillage subsoiling tillage +(RTS),rotary flat+ subsoiling(FTS),no tillage and subsoiling(NTS)6 kinds of Tillage on corn field in the Songnen Plain in semi arid area of soil nutrient,soil physical characteristics,enzyme activity and yield of Maize In order to provide the basis and theoretical reference for the selection of the optimal low-carbon farming pattern suitable for the climatic conditions and farmland cropping system in the region.And provide technical support for efficient management of crop production in dry land.The main results are as follows:(1)NT treatment can improve soil water content and water storage capacity of 0~10 cm soil layer under the condition of no deep loosening,but compared with RT and FT treatment,the soil bulk density increased significantly and the porosity decreased significantly.With deep loosening treatment,RTS,FTS and NTS 0~30 cm treatment can improve the soil porosity,soil moisture and soil water storage,compared with RT,FT,NT,0.98%~9.32% growth was14.31%~44.33%,2.80%~9.71%,and 0~30 cm can reduce the soil volume weight,decrease of0.78%-3.70%,0.68%-2.04%,0.69%-3.45%.(2)Under NT treatment,the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in 0~10 cm increased by 6.03% and,respectively,compared with that of RT.After deep loosening treatment,RTS,FTS and NTS treatments could increase soil organic matter and total nitrogen content in10~20 cm soil layer,and increased by 0.73%~5.35% compared with control RT.Under the condition of no subsoiling,0-10 cm soil layer,NT treatment of soil available nutrients were increased compared with RT and FT treatment.With deep loosening,RTS and FTS 10-30 cm soil available nutrient content compared with the control,RT,FT increased significantly,the average soil nitrogen content increased 11.78% and 11.13% respectively;the ontent of available phosphorus increased 15.48% and 13.26% respectively;the content of available potassium increased 7.02%,6.31% respectively.However,the soil available nutrient content of NTS treated with 10-30 cm was significantly lower than that of NT and RT after subsoiling.(3)Compared with FT and RT treatments,the soil enzyme activities increased in NT treatment under the condition of no subsoiling.With deep loosening,RTS,FTS and NTS treatment can significantly improve the soil enzyme activity,compared with RT treatment,soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased 7.37%~10.58%,soil invertase activity increased15.38%~21.42%,soil urease activity increased 12.97%~14.36%,soil catalase activity increased by 2.51%~4.05%.The p H values of RTS,FTS and NTS treatments in the 0~30cm soil layer decreased significantly compared with the control RT after subsoiling,the decline was0.35%~2.0(4)The RTS,FTS and NTS treatments could significantly improve the photosynthetic capacity after subsoiling.Compared with the control RT,the leaf area index increased by4.61%~9.16,and the photosynthetic potential increased by 8.09%~15.2%.At the same time,the chlorophyll content of ear leaf was increased by FTS,which was 9.21% higher than that of RT.The dry matter accumulation of Maize under different tillage treatments increased with the development of fertility.Compared with the control RT,RTS,FTS and NTS treatment of dry matter accumulation increased by 3.86%~8.10%.In addition,the dry matter translocation,water use efficiency,plant height and plant nutrient uptake of maize were significantly improved.(5)After subsoiling,RTS,FTS and NTS in maize production increased significantly,the treatment of FTS maize yield was the largest(10725.66 kg· hm-2),the ridge increased by 9.80%than that of the control.In the 6 tillage treatments,the yield of no tillage treatment was the lowest(9354.61 kg· hm-2),and the yield was reduced by and RT,compared with FTS and,respectively.The yield advantage of RTS,FTS and NTS treatment was benefited by the number of ear and grain number per ear,and FTS treatment increased the number of grains per spike,which was 9.07% higher than that of RT treatment.The results show that under the conditions of this experiment,the soil organic matter,soil FTS 0~30cm soil total nitrogen,available nutrient,soil moisture content,porosity,soil enzyme activity and leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,dry matter transport capacity are outstanding and the stimulation effect is best,as the corn in the Songnen Plain half arid area production is suitable for farming.