The Evaluation Of Choline And Its Utilization In Chicken Nutrition

Choline is an essential nutrient that is need to be added in mixed ration for POultry andswine. In contrast to any other vitamin, it has well recognized that adult animals arc able tosynthesize enough amount of choline to meet their Physio1ogical requireInent but younganimals, chicks in particu1ar, have not ability to synthesize choline at all or fail to generateenough choline for their need. T'here has long been controversy over choline requirement forchickens. However, a few researches have been conducted to investigate the metabolism ofcholine and related influentia1 factors home and abroad. The five experiments were conductedto study cho1ine requirement, availability in chickens and its effects on vitamin stability in thePreIn1xl .A trail on choline and methionine requirement for 3 to 4-week old broilers was catriedout using two-factors combinatoriaI design of quadritic regression and orthogona1 rotation. Asemi-purified diet mamly comprising corn, isolated soybean protein and glucose was used asthe basal diet in this experiment. Overall there were nine treatment groups, of Which groupl~8 had three repIications each group and gToup 9 had nine rePlications with six chickens eachroplication. The contents of choline and methionine in the basal diet were 39.79mg/kg and0.22%, respective1y A quadratic regression analysis was conducted with choline (Xl) andmethionine (X2) being the indePendent variables and observations such as final weight, dailygain, feed intake or feed conversion rate being the dpedent variable (Y). Significant test ofPOlynomial regression equation derived from above was declared at p<0.05. Po1gnomialregression shows that choline and rnethionine requirementS fOr maximum daily gain and feedconversion rate of 3 to 4-week old brolers were lWeg/kg and 0.37so.40%, mptivuly2.A research was conducted using a 3x3 orthogonal exPeriInental design to evaluate theNnses of wtrmance, blood phySicochemical indexes and Characterishcs of hbia ofbroilers to deficiency in choline, folic acid and manganase in the diets. There were ninetutmentS witb three roplications each treatment and sir chickens each mplication in the trial.A ed9urified diet containing isolated soybean PrDtein, com and glucose was used as theH diet. The resultS indicatal that tooline, folic add or manganese at diffamt levelshad no significant influence on daily gain and bo conversion efficiency of 3 to 4 wee oldbroilers (P>0.05). @Increasing choline levels in the dietS resulted in decline in raho of liverto carcasses and lipid content in liver of broilers (P<0.05). There was significant difference inlipid content in liver of broiIers among different levels of folic acid treatInentS (P<0.05) andtrend to increase lipid content in 1iver with folic acid content in the diets increasing. @Thesignificant differences in serum GPT achvity, VLDL and HDL of 3 to 4 week old broi1erswere obSerVed among choline-ed guuPS (P<0.05). Serum LDL concenthetion tended todecrease with choline levels incmeing but fai1ed to reach sighficance at P<0.05. Differentlevels of choline did not substanhally affeCt PC concentration of red cell meInbrane (p>0.05).@Choline or folic acid at different levels did not alter chaxacteristics of tibia such as length,voIume, elasticity bone-breaking force to>0.05).Different levels of manganese had significanteffect on boneforing force and manganese content of tibia wt0.05).3.A tWo-factors randomized grouping design was used to investigate effects of cholinefrom differnt sources of choIine chloride and soybean phosphatide on performance, bloodbiochemical indices and tibia characteristics of broilers. In this trial there were five treatmentswith three rePlications each treatment having six chickens each rePlication. The resultsshowed @Different choline sources had no significant influence on daily gain, feed intakeand feed conversion rate of 3 to 4 week old broilers. @Different choline sources did notsignific...