| When human beings were aware of the natural medical functions of royal jelly in the 1950s, its composition and pharmacological effects were investigated comprehensively worldwide. The production technology underwent continuous studies since the 1960s, whereas, China is always leading to this field. China has now been produced around 2000 tons of royal jelly each year, accounting for the 90 per cent of the world's total output. This is attribute to Chinese style of royal jelly production technology led by high royal jelly producing bee, thus making the royal jelly production as much as 10 times higher than last decade in China. Not only makes it a big contribution to humankind's health, but also brings a production revolution to beekeeping. The genetic characteristics of the high royal jelly bee specific to China, however, have not been investigated so far. So, the researches focusing on this area will be actively promoted honeybee breeding, and reasonable resources exploitation and protection.The approaches of microsatellite DNA and conditional and unconditional genotypic variances based on mixed liner model were employed to assay the molecular and quantitative genetic features of the 3 species of western honeybees(/4pis mellifera L.), namely, pure Italy bee(Ee), Chinese Italy bee(Eb) and the high royal jelly producing bee(Ea). The main research contents of this project were involved in allele frequencies, genotypic frequencies, polymorphysm information content(PIC), population heterozygosity, genetic distance and the microsatellite DNA genetic markers of the high royal jelly producing bee by microsatellite DNA; meanwhile the conditional and unconditional genotypic variances were conducted to analyze the developmental genetics characteristics of the royal jelly production, royal jelly in each cell, acceptance of queen cell cups, the weight of hypopheryngeal gland of worker bees and the colony population size. The principal results of this studies are as followings:1. Through PCR amplification, gene scanning and genotyping at 10 microsatellite loci, 2-15 alleles can be detected at different loci among Ee, Eb and Ea. There were total 96 alleles amplified among 10 loci in Ee, Eb and Ea with an average of 9.6 alleles were found in each locus. Among the 96 alleles, 48 of it were different in Ee, Eb and Ea. Moreover, there were 6, 6 and 12 alleles specific to Ea, Eb and Ee, respectively. There were 75, 61,66 alleles amplified at 10 loci with an average allele 7.5, 6.1 and 6.6 at each loci in Ee, Eb and Ea respectively. These results showed thatthere were higher polymorphysim or genetic diversity among Ee, Eb and Ea, indicating that the genetic features of Ea were different from that of Ee and Eb because of geographical isolation and human selections.2. The average polymorphysim information content(PIC) of Ee, Eb and Ea at 10 loci were 0.57,0.53, 0.57 respectively with no differences. The PIC is index of judging the polymorphysim of the fragments. By the standard, the 10 loci had a high polymorphysim amplified in Ee, Eb and Ea. It suggested that Ea had a similar high genetic diversity to Ee and Eb.3. Heterozygosity analysis indicated that Ee, Eb and Ea were 0.61, 0.57, 0.60 respectively with no differences. Heterozygosity is a heterozygote frequency in each locus. The lower heterozygosity, the higher genetic purity in the population indicated a lower genetic variances and diversity in the population. Thus it can be seen that there were similar high heterozygosity among Ea, Ee and Eb. The results also suggested that the excellent royal jelly production of the Ea maybe better performing the hybrid vogor.4. The Nei's genetic distance can correctly reveal the genetic relationship among the populations. The results showed that the distance between Ea and Ee, Ea and Eb, Ee and Eb were 0.25, 0.16, 0.14 respectively. It suggested that the affiliation Ea and Ee was far away, while Ea and Eb, Ee and Eb were close. This was coherent to the evolutionary history of the Ea, that was Ea selected from Eb, while Eb...
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