| As a crop, taro has a history that is one of the longest in the world. China is one of the origins for the planting of taro. Before and in Tang and Song Dynasty of Chinese ancient time, taro was as a major food of tide over a lean year. After South-Song Dynasty, taro was getting become to a vegetable. In modern time, taro, as a kind of nutrious-healthy food, receives more and more attentions by consumer. In the first part of this thesis, ethnobotany of taro was studies systematically.In the second part of thesis, genetic diversity of taro was appraised on morphology and DNA molecular level.Major agricultural books of Chinese ancient time are studies in this thesis. To summarize the contributions of the technique and to clarify its evolution treatises .The results showed that:(1) More than 2,400 years ago, the ancient Chinese has taken notes about taro.(2) 《Book of Master Fan Shengzhi》 is a ancient work which first mentioned and recorded the technicqe to grow taro, it has been widely used even till today for at least more than 2, OOOyears.(3) 《Qi Min Yao Shu》 (Important Arts for the People' s Welfare), as a important work, which take play as one' s heir for the inheritance and development of grow taro.(4)Writing by Huang Shengzheng of the Ming Dynasty in his 《Planting Taro》 (Taro Bible) is a classics work of grow taro in ancient China .(5)Through the continuous improvement and refinement by numerous agronomists and farmers over the years, a compete technique for planting taro finally took shape. It could enlighten us in modern-organic-ecological agriculture.Bencaological study showed that:(1)About 1340 years ago, 《Xin Xiu Ben Cao》 and 《Shi Liao Ben Cao》 were the books that taro' s medical value was records first in Tang Dynasty. (2) The corm, stem, leaves of taro could be a medicine or food medicaltreatment. Cooked corms are used in food medical treatment now. (3) The prescriptions of taro in bencaological works are worth studying further.Fundamentals and methods of Ethnobotany were used emphatically in this thesis.Survey site I , Yunnan Province(the southern part of the country, areas inhabited by the minority nationalities, rich in taro resources). Site II, Shandong Province(the northern part of the country, inhabited by han nationality, multi-cormel of taro). The main results obtained are as follows:(l)Because of influenced by market economy, taro were getting changed from staple food to vegetable in the minorities of Yunnan Province. In Shandong Province, espcially in Jiaodong Peninsula, taro was cultivated widespread speedily, not only it was santisfied the need of local market, but it was developed into one of the major exported vegetable.The farmers' income were increased rapidly.(2)It was concluded that rich genetic diversity of taro (include wild types, cultivatable types, cultivated varieties)was still maintained in Yunnan Province. In Shandong Province, there was no find taro wild type, it cultivated multi-comel of taro mainly. They intraduced and breeded fine varieties among the folk, it was benefit to the conservation of genetic diversity in taro.(3)1t was made clear from the morphology observation and RAPD analysis of taro that Yunnan Hongyu is nearer relation to petiole taro than purple and green types of taro. It was been thought that the eating inflorescences of taro as Yunan Hongyu can be classified the third variety {var. Inflorescens). And classific system of taro was readjusted and replenished.(4)The effect and impact of taro plant worship upon conservation and management of local taro genetic diversity were getting weakened. The taro plant worship culture were facing the danger of threat or extinction due to the ongoing social-economic, policy and main trend culture. The possibility, necessity and feasibility to utilize tradition culture for modern biodiversity conservation were discussed.(5) The petiole, leaves, inflorescences, corms and cormels of taro have been used to produce many different types of food. Eating taroculture implicated rich Tr...
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