| Increasing soybean yield and quality is the most important thing for Chinese soybean production. There are three main purposes of this research. Firstly, construct soybean genetic linkage group and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed protein concentration, seed oil concentration, plant height in population of Huanghuai spring soybean. Evaluate soybean subunit constitution and allergen lacking by analysis of 175 soybean cultivars with high protein concentration or oil concentration. The genetic diversity were analyzed between 39 Japanese soybean accessions and 942 Chinese soybean included in three ecotypes and 7 planting types, in order to evaluate the potential usefulness of Japanese soybean in broadening Chinese soybean genetic basis as exotic genetic resources. The results were described as followed1. Genetic map constructing and QTL mapping1.1 The study population was formed from a cross between Zheng 92116 and Shang 951099. A total of 480 SSR markers were screened by the two parents, as a result, 176 polymorphic SSR markers were identified. And 121 markers were mapped in the F2 population, forming 20 linkage groups, covering 1792.2 cM of the soybean genome.1.2 For the population, four QTLs for plant height were mapped on linkage group K, I, Bl and L, respectively. One QTL for knob number was mapped on linkage group1. For F2;3 population, only two QTLs associated with protein and oil concentration were mapped on linkage M and Cl. For the Fa.4 population, thirteen QTLs associated with protein and oil concentration, branch number, plant height, and 100-seed weight were identified. Two environment stable QTLs for branch number were located on linkage group F and G. One QTL for plant height stable in p2 and F3;4 population were mapped on Bl. The results found in this study indicate the few QTL were detected to be stable across environments. Further research to identify stable QTL over environments is needed by study on different segeregant populations and in different environments.2. Analysis of protein subunit 11S/7S constitution and allergen lacking of Chinesesoybean cultivarsThe ratio of 11S/7S was ranged from 0.77 to 4.67 by analyzing 175 high protein concentration or high oil concentration cultivars. A mutant cultivar lacking the P-subunit of 7S was found at the same time. In the whole accessions 44.0% materials lack allergenic protein Gly m Bd 28K. And 48.4% of landraces, 32.7% of bred lines lack the 28K. In Huanghuai summer soybean and Southern soybean there are nearly 60% of the materials lack 28K allergen, but in the Northern spring soybean, only 11.7% of the materials lack the 28K allergen. The result indicated that the lacking of 28K allergen was correlated to the protein concentration (r=0.14).3. Genetic diversity of Chinese soybean and Japanese soybean3.1 The genetic diversity between Chinese and Japanese soybean were evaluated by using 46 SSR markers. The genetic diversity and relationship were assessed among 39 Japanese cultivars and 942 Chinese cultivars involved in 7 different planting types. Fortysix SSR loci produced 942 alleles in the two populations, and Chinese soybean has higher genetic richness than Japanese soybean. When comparing Japanese soybean with the same number of materials from the seven planting types, of the alleles detected, 44.8% were specific to the Chinese population and 18.3% were specific to the Japanese population. PCA was used to determine which markers contribute most to the variance of different materials. Primers with more allele number and high polymorphic information are the most useful markers for distinguishing the population samples analysis. As a result, analysis with 20 SSR can get reliable relationship of different populations.3.2 There is great difference between Japanese and Chinese soybean, cluster analysis with the UPGMA method clearly separated the Chinese from Japanese accessions, suggesting that the Chinese and Japanese accessions formed different germlasm pools. Japanese soybean was compare...
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