Study On The Main Quality Of Chinese Lotus-seed Germplasm Resources And Its Applications

Lotus-seed, belonging to Nympheaceae Nelumbo Adans, is an important high quality resource in China. Twenty-two representive lotus-seeds wild and cultivar germplasm resources were collected from China and the distribution range is east longitude 110045'~119043' north latitude 25058'~39007'. Appearance quality, nutrition quality, healthy quality, processing quality and genetic diversity were studied. Moreover, lotus-seed germplasm resources database and resource atlas were established, and the practical application of quality researches were realized.1. Appearance quality is a main quality index in the domestic and overseas fresh lotus-seed trade, which hasn't national and international standards presently. Five main appearance quality indexes of lotus-seed, which are length, width, the length to width (LWR), fresh lotus-seed rate per lotus-pod, were studied. The lotus-seed germplasm resources atlas were established by electron-scan technology. The results indicated that the differences of LWR were remarkable among the varieties.The differences of grains per 100 gram and amylose content(AC), which was directly related to edible quality, are the greatest, coefficient of variance(CV) exceeding 30%. The main lotus-seed cultivars of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces both can achieve the standard of per 100 gram lotus-seeds less than 50 grains according to the present corporation's export standards.The AC of two wild lotus-seed varieties, Baiyangdian wild lotus-seed and Honghu wild lotus-seed, were lowest, 6.151%, 7.578% respectively. The relativity analysis of qualities indicated that grains per 100 gram, fresh lotus-seed rate per lotus-pod, no-core lotus-seed rate and edible quality had highest relativity( r=0.6, n=22), the more grains per 100 gram, namely the smaller the lotus-seed, the better the edible quality. The study could provide an important reference for the construction of GB of fresh lotus-seed. There is significant relevancy(r>0.49) among LWR, grains per 100 gram and PPO activity. There is significant relevancy between width and PPO activity (r=-0.6229). Thus the smaller the lotus-seed, the higher the PPO activity. This research result could offer practical recommendation for selecting the varieties for the process of lotus-seeds.2. The contents of carbohydrate and protein are higher in the lotus-seed. The average contents of carbohydrate and protein are 24.3% and 7.8% respectively. Lotus-seeds belongs to high-protein food. The content of Vitamin C of Jianning 3 lotus-seed (134.5mg/kg) is 23 times of that of Wuchang lotus-seed (5.7mg/kg).The average content of Vitamin E is 4.6mg/kg, the maximum (Max) is Guangchang 4 lotus-seed (6.8mg/kg), 2.4 times of the minimum (Min) Wuchang lotus-seed (2.8mg/kg). The average content of Vitamin B1 is 2.24mg/kg, the Max is Liyehonghua lotus-seed (3.56mg/kg), 4.9 times of the Min Honghu Jiasheng lotus-seed (0.73mg/kg). The average content of Vitamin B2 is 0.13mg/kg, the Max is Jianou Taikong lotus-seed (0.21mg/kg), 3.5 times of the Min Jiangshu Shuixuan 1lotus-seed (0.06mg/kg). The average content of Vitamin B6 is 3.03mg/kg, the Max is Jianou lotus-seed (4.56mg/kg), 2.8 times of the Min wild Honghu lotus-seed (1.62mg/kg). Lotus-seed haven't contained Vitamin A and Vitamin D.The average content of Zinc is 13mg/kg, the Max is Meirenhong lotus-seed (21mg/kg), 4.2 times of the Min Honghu Jiasheng lotus-seed (5mg/kg). The average content of Calcium is 445mg/kg, the Max is Wuchang lotus-seed (1139mg/kg), 5.4 times of the Min Baiyangdian wild lotus-seed (211mg/kg). The average content of phosphorus is 1715mg/kg, the Max is Liyehonghua lotus-seed (2157mg/kg), 2.7 times of the Min Honghu Jiasheng lotus-seed (785mg/kg). The average content of Iron is 13mg/kg, the Max is Jianning huapai lotus-seed and Xiangbai lotus-seed (18mg/kg), the Min is Honghu Jiasheng lotus-seed and Honghu wild lotus-seed (5mg/kg). Lotus-seed contains complete animo acid, but the differences of varieties are significant. The average content of the essential animo acid (EAA) is 28% in the total animo acid (TAA)...