| The importance of oxygen in the life activity of the biological organism is self-evident. The low pressure and partial pressure of the hypoxia of the high altitude area are main ecological factors. There are great influences on local animals, plants and human being survival and development. Tibetan chicken are a local breed that live the place where is about 3,500 meters above sea level for generations, for oneself, hereditary mechanism of hypoxia adaptability is already formed at the cellular and molecular level. A three-generation Tibetan chicken population was constructed for systematic research on hypoxia adaptability, where three extremely divergent breeds, including a layer breed (White Leghorn, W), a meat type breed (ShouGuang chicken, S), and Tibetan chicken (T) were employed for reciprocal cross. Four cross combination by T♂×W♀, W♂×T♀, T♂×S♀, and S♂×T♀ were performed in a group of 216 individuals in total parental population. Tested traits included egg production, growth traits, body form and appearance, et al.Feather colors in F1 hybrids of resource population display comparatively unanimous by the way of heredity analysis on the observation result on feather color. Feather color in F2 hybrids took place separation, that the ratio of White and spotty feather in F2 crossed by Tibetan chicken and the White Leghorn was 3:1, and the ratio of Black and spotty feather in F2 crossed by Tibetan and ShouGuang chicken was nearly 3:1. This result indicated that white and black feather are the complete dominance to the spotty feather, Spotty feather is decided by two or more alleles, and feather could demonstrated spotty only two or more alleles locating at the same time. The separation of shank color of the resource population supported the shank color properties for the hereditary view with company sex. The ratio of shank color in generations of resource population follows Mendelism low. Simultaneity the genotype of the parent for White Leghorn cock was verified to be pure to the shank color for dominance. The statistic analysis indicated that the mean for body weight in F1 and F2 hybrids lie between two parents, and standard deviation is greater than parents. That the weight is distributed in F2 is closer to normal distribution. The hereditary analysis results of some quality properties and quantity properties proved there was greater separation on properties in the resource population.We scanned the genome sequence of phosphoglyceric kinase (PGK) and aldolase-C (ALD-C) for glycolysis enzyme in cell. Two new SNPs were discovered, one was in exon 10 of PGK (A-G), and the other was in intron 4 of ALD-C (G—A). The ratio of base mutation was above 80% for Tibetan chicken. The flank sequence containing mutated base could bind with hypoxia inducer factor-1 (HIF-1) by network forcasting, and was hypoxia response element. The mutated sequence binding with the nucleus extraction of muscle cell for embryo of Tibetan chicken, White Leghorn, and ShouGuang chicken hatching in hypoxia were verified by gel-shift experimentation, and the combination was tested the block signal. This result indicated that the PGK and ALD-C gene for Tibetan chicken contain HRE, and two DNA sequences binding activity with HIF-1 could be increased when organism was stimulatedunder hypoxia.Research on the transcript level of HIF-1, PGK, and ALD-C gene in the skeletal muscle and brain tissue was carried on Tibetan chicken, White Leghorn, and ShouGuang chicken, using fluorescence quantitative PCR technology of TaqMan probe. Least square analysis indicated that transcript levels of HIF-1 a gene in skeletal muscle and brain tissue for embryo in hypoxia was higher than embryo in normoxia, and transcript levels of HIF-1 mRNA in brain was higher than skeletal muscle. There was no significant difference between transcript levels of HIF-1 a in brain for Tibetan chicken in normoxia and for White Leghorn, SouGuang chicken in hypoxia. The transcript level of PGK gene for the normal embryo in hypoxia was about 4 times of the dead embryo in hypoxia, and 8... |
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