Study On The Transport And Distribution Of Crop Nutrients And Its Regulation In Dryland Crops With Different Cultivated Systems

With the increase of population and improvement of living standard, people have higher demands for agricultural production. But the land and water resources are becoming less and less in the world. For a long time, perplexed by drought and barrenness, the grain yield on dryland in China is low and unstable. Under this stress, people had to pay more attention to dryland. Now a lot of practical problems have been identified that urgently need to be solved. The solution to the problem concerns the smooth implementation of a strategy of sustainable development for dryland agriculture. The core of solving these problems is to understand the nutrient distribution and fluxes, relevant mechanism of physiology and ecological in the continuous ecosystem of soil– plant on dryland; and to make the best use of the resources of precipitation. It is important to enhancing water using efficiency; harmonizing nutrition supplying; improving physiological by nutrition regulation to increase the capacity of absorbing and using water of crops. Therefore, the transport and distribution of crop nutrients and its regulation in dryland crops with different cultivated systems have becoming one of the focuses of agri-scientific research workers in the world.Local high-quality wheat and maize varieties, and four water-saving dryland culture modes (plastic film mulching, straw mulching, supplemental irrigations, and furrow mode with a ridge mulching–ditch planting) were chosen in this study, and the non-covered culture mode was used as the control treatment. The study was carried out in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, the semi-arid region. The aims of the study were to study the effects of the different cultivating modes on the growth and yields of winter wheat and summer maize, and to access the nutrient uptake, transport and distribution at different cultivation modes, and to evaluate the effects of the different nutrient managements included the application time of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar spray method on nutrient translocation in the crops. The main results were as follows:1. The treatment mulched with plastic film had significantly positive effect on the growth of winter wheat under the dryland during the two years; the yields of this treatment were 16.1% and 18.4% higher than the control treatment (non-covered cultivating mode) in 2003...