Study On Changes Of Soil Microbial Community Structure In Different Conditions By Molecular Techniques

Soil seems to be a microbial rain forest, and there stores plentiful resources of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms play pivotal roles in various biogeochemical cycles (BGC), and also influence aboveground ecosystems or even the planet. There are self-successions in soil microbial communities. While many anthropogenic activities, such as soil amendment practice can potentially affect soil microbial diversity. Our knowledge of soil microbial diversity is limited in part by our inability to study soil microorganisms. So soil microbial diversity is believed to be a black box. How to open the black box and sufficiently explore and make use of the plentiful resources of soil microorganisms for blessing the whole human being and society, is one of the important tasks for microbiologists.In general, soil microbial communities have often been studied by conventional methods based on cultivation and isolation techniques. Recently, it is well known that no more than 1% of the microorganisms existing in soil can be cultured under laboratory conditions, and the most remains are uncultured. Broken through the traditional cultivation techniques, microbial molecular ecology techniques based on cultivation-independent methods are developed, and they can overcome the drawbacks of the conventional techniques. Those techniques enlarged the research area to the uncultured microbial world. By the mid-1980s, Pace and his colleagues highlighted the idea of the need for nontraditional techniques to understand the microbial world. In 1990s, those techniques were used rapidly to study soil microbial diversity, and this activated soil microbiology. As a result, a new area, soil microbial molecular ecology, came into being. All in all, the idea is based on the fact that the diversity of microbial genomic DNA extracted directly from soil can reflect the diversity of microorganisms, and this can give a more real and...