| Protective forest is a kind of production system for harmonization relationship of human being and nature. Protective forest function are including of storage water, soil and water conservation, storm protection and sand-binding, keeping ecological balance, reducing natural disaster and safeguard and promotion industrial and agricultural production. Protective forest has an important meaning for high quality environment to human. Protective forest system is combined relative tree species organic in order to gain the best protective benefit and improve the protective forest distribution on the basis of nature and production features of protective region and its protective requirements. Protective forest contribution in mountainous and stony area of north China either protects the water source region, or maintains the security of drinking water. Besides, it could prevent the occurrence of mudflow and other types of soil erosion and reduce the danger of human life and property loss. Moreover, it is more important for protective forest system of Miyun reservoir catchment as green barrier for Beijing, with the function of preventing sand erosion and affording high quality of ecological service. At present, there are many problems for protective forest construction, such as unreasonable protective forest layout and structure caused low ecological function, unstable stand structure and low biodiversity. Therefore, those are core techniques for protective forest construction that build ecological stable protective forest system based on biological stable, establish tree species diversity cultivation technique system and fulfill reasonable biodiversity structure layout.This thesis was studied typical protective stand in Miyun reservoir watershed which a good representation of protective stands in mountain and stony area of north China. Based on the laws of transpiration and water consumption and water balance, the key factors and evaluation indexes of ecological service function were determined. The key factors were composed by water-saving, drought-resistant tree species selection, tree species composition, hierarchical structure, layout system and proper density. Then, according to the direction of vegetation succession, different stage directional control aims were confirmed, and optimizing control techniques of protective forest structure were proposed either. These optimizing control techniques referred that recessive, defective, low protective-function protective stands were control to healthy, high protective-function protective stands through restoration and improvement these stands.On the basis of the dominance tree species distributed in upstream zone in Miyun reservoir watershed, 6 different tree species were tested in outdoor and indoor respectively and analyzed the water consumption rules of single tree and typical stands by advanced techniques and equipments such as stemflow instrument, automatic weather station, dew-point water potential instrument and vegetation potency analyzer.Natural shrub vegetation was classified by ISODATA fuzzy cluster method in Miyun reservoir watershed. The distribution and structure features in organization level of shrub vegetational types were analyzed. According to method of space substituted time, the changes of shrub vegetation types, numbers, biomass and structure in different closing years were deeply studied. This thesis proposed the succession tendency and protective function in different succession stages of natual shrub and arbor vegetation.Based on fuzzy synthesis evaluation method, 17 physiological-biochemical and form indexes were selected with the aim of low water consumption, high control abilities and purified water by system investigation of main local and introduced tree species, and 5 different tree species drought-resistant and recession-resistant characters were evaluated. Besides, 7 different deciduous oaks species and seed sources such as Quercus variabilis were selected and tested its growing features. Finally, high quality arbor and shrub tree species were selected and defined which could reach the requirements of natural conditions, such as local soil and weather, and high protective functions.Stand density, proper closed degree and hierarchical structure of main afforestation tree species in study area were defined, and stable stand structure construction of protective forest in mountainous and stony area of north China were fulfilled. At the aims of storage the maximum frequency rainfall amount and prevention soil erosion, the best percentage of forest cover was gained. The best vegetation types in mountainous and stony area of north China were obtained through AHP theory.According to the researches on water consumption laws, distribution and vegetation succession laws, site condition, soil preparation, afforestation density, mixed technique, planting method and pattern and young stand tending were put forward.The judgment standards and laws on low protective function vegetation were put forward and low quality renewable technique was systemic suggested. Based on close to nature forest theory and AHP method, the protective stand adjusting direction was proposed and this thesis established a management mode system of low protective function stand and put forward to 3 low protective function stand renewable types and corresponding 7 management modes either.
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