Starch Forming Mechanism And Effect Of Potassium On Different Type Maize

In order to learn the starch forming mechanism of different starch content maize and the effect of potassium application amount and application stages, field culture and pot culture were carried out in the corn research garden of Shandong Agriculture University from 2004 to 2007.The main results were as follows:1 Differences of different types of maize grains qualityThere are visible differences in quality of maize grains with different starch content. The grains of Feiyu 3, which is High-starch, have high content of amylopectin, amylose, total starch and high rate of accumulation, and they are significantly higher than Yuyu 22 which is Low-starch, the content of albumin, globulin, soluble sugar, ether extract and free amino acids are significantly lower than Yuyu 22; but the content of gliadin is higher than Yuyu 22.2 Effect of application amount and stage of potassium on starch forming of different type maize grains and the activity of enzyme relatedThis research has analysed the effect of application amount and stage of potassium on starch forming of different type maize grains and the activity of enzyme related. The result shows that, it can significantly improved the activity of ADPGPPase in grains of this two type maize if the treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2, the treatment of potassium applied at jointing can improve the activity of ADPGPPase in grains of Feiyu3 effectively. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 can improved the activity of SSS in grains of Feiyu3 significantly; but the treatment of potassium applied can reduced the activity of SSS and GBSS of Yuyu22. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 can improved the content of sucrose, the ability of sucrose and starch synthesis in ear leaf of this two type maize. It can significantly improved the content of amylopectin, amylose, total starch if the treatment of potassium applied with 225kg·hm-2, and it can improved the content of total starch more efficaciously than the treatment of potassium applied at jointing.3 Effect of application amount and stages of potassium on other quality of grains of different starch content maizeThe infection of application amount and stagesof potassium is different to the quality of grains by genotype. It is unfavorable to compose starch, which increased the content of soluble sugar by more potassium or potassium applied at jointing in Feiyu3 with high starch content. But the infection is not significantly to Yuyu22 with lower starch. The content of acid, protein and ether extract in grains of the two variety by the using of potassium. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 can significantly increased the content of necessarily amino acid and secondly amino acid in grains of Feiyu3. The content of amino acid in grains of Yuyu22 increased by use potassium with 225kg·hm-2 at jointing. Potassium applied at jointing increased the content of protein in grains of Feiyu3 higher than applied before sowing. But the infection is not significantly to the content of protein in grains of Yuyu22 with different application amount and stages of potassium. However, the content of ether extract in the two type is increased by the increase of using potassium.4 Effect of application amount and stages of potassium on grain yield of different starch content maizePotassium can improved photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigments content, NR activity, root volume and root activity, of these improved grain yield of two type maize. Compared with potassium applied at jointing, the treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 can improved more grain yield, the grain yield of two type maize increased by 21.1% and 5.9%, the grain yield of Feiyu3 is improved more.5 Effect of application amount and stages of potassium on active oxygen metabolism and membrane lipid overoxidation in maize leafApplication amount and stages of potassium have different effect on activity of SOD,POD,CAT and MDA content. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing or at jointing all can decreased SOD activity in two type maize leaf, and the treatment of potassium applied at jointing can decreased more. The treatment of potassium applied at jointing is not in favor of cleaning out active oxygen.The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 significantly increased POD activity and MDA content; POD activity and MDA content of Feiyu3 increased by 20.4% and 20.1%, content of Yuyu22 increased by 18.5% and 19.2%. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 450kg·hm-2 can significantly increased CAT activity in Feiyu3 and Yuyu22 leaf; compared with potassium applied before sowing, the treatment of potassium applied at jointing is not in favor of increasing CAT activity in Feiyu3 leaf, and the the treatment of potassium applied at jointing can improved higher CAT activity in Yuyu22 leaf. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 in favor of staying senescence of maize leaf.6 Effect of application amount and stages of potassium on soilThe treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 significantly increased the content of available potassium in soil. The content of available potassium with the treatment of potassium applied at jointing is higher than with the treatment of potassium applied before sowing; at maturity, content of available potassium in soil layer of 0-20cm and 20-40cm increased by 19.8% and 38.5%. The treatment of potassium applied at jointing can increased more content of available potassium, especially in soil layer of 20-40cm. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 increased total nitrogen content, and the treatment of potassium applied at jointing can increased more, at maturity, content of total nitrogen in soil layer of 0-20cm and 20-40cm increased by 27.1% and 73.3%, The treatment of potassium applied at jointing in favor of increasing content of total nitrogen in soil layer of 20-40cm. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 increased the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content in soil layer of 0-20cm, and the treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 675kg·hm-2 increased the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content in soil layer of 20-40cm, and the treatment of potassium applied at jointing can increased more content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen. The treatment of potassium applied before sowing or at jointing can decreased the content of NO3——N, and the content of NO3——N is decreased more by the treatment of potassium applied before sowing. At maturity, the content of NO3——N in soil layer of 0-20cm and 20-40cm increased by 13.2% and 11.9%. Potassium decreased the mobility of NO3—N to deeper soil layer.7 Effect of application amount and stages of potassium on economy benefitThe profits of different type mazie with the treatment of potassium applied before sowing with 225kg·hm-2 is most high, profits of Feiyu 3 and Yuyu22 were increased by 1466yuan·hm-2 and 139yuan·hm-2. More potassium application and applied on jointing stage reduced the economy benefit of two type maize. And potassium can increase more profits of Feiyu3 than Yuyu22.