| Nowadays, the potato has been paid more and more attention, potato has the characteristics of high yield, high quality and so on, and has been applied in the agricultural, industrial, and many other industries, especially the potato starch has many advantages which other plants doesn’t have, this makes it not only play an important role in the industrial processes, but also makes it more and more important in the present stage of agricultural production. This experiment uses Dongnong 308, Kexin 13, Kexin 18 and Yanshu 4 as materials, Under the conditions of normal fertilization and half the amount of fertilizer, determination of four cultivars in different growth stages, including the content of dry matter, the component content of starch, the amylase activity in leaves and tubers, as well as the commodity potato rate and starch yield should be determined at harvest, then analyzes the relationship between them, this study providing many significant advices for the potato agricultural production and the breeding of high starch potato varieties. The main research results are as follows:(1)Under different fertilization conditions, changes in the content of dry matter, starch and amylose content in different growth period of different varieties are basically the same trend, but to change the amount of fertilizer has different effect on different varieties. The dry matter content of Dongnong 308 and Yanshu 4 showed an increasing trend.under the conditions of half the amount of fertilizer, increased by 7.8% and 6.1% respectively; The dry matter content of Kexin 13 and Kexin 18 showed an decreasing trend, decreased by 8.5% and 6.2% respectively. The total starch content of four varieties showed a decreasing trend, Dongnong 308 decreased by 0.49%, Kexin 13 decreased by 1.45%, Kexin 18 decreased by 1.60%, Yanshu 4 decreased by 0.14%; The content of amylose showed an increasing trend, increased by 1.44%, 0.48%, 3.02% and 0.85% respectively.(2)The amylase activity in different varieties showed different trend under the conditions of same fertilization; Changing the amount of fertilizer have a certain impact on the activity of four kinds of enzymes. After reducing the amount of fertilizer, the activity of ADPG enzyme, SSS enzyme, Q enzyme and GBSS enzyme in leaves and tubers of different varieties showed a decreasing trend, And the decreasing trend of ADPG enzyme activyty and SSS enzyme activity in tubers declined more than in leaves; but the GBSS enzyme activity showed an increasing trend. ADPG enzyme activity in leaves of four varieties decreased by an average of 0.83 U/g·min, and decreased by 1.88 U/g·min in tubers; SSS enzyme activity in leaves decreased by 0.97 U/g·min, and decreased by 1.67 U/g·min in tubers; Q enzyme activity in leaves decreased by 1.16 U/g·min, and decreased by 0.42U/g·min in tubers. GBSS enzyme avtivity in leaves of dirrerent tested varieties increased by an average of 0.93 U/g·min, and increased by an average of 0.77 U/g·min in tubers.(3)The correlation analysis of key enzymes of starch synthesis and starch shows follows: ADPG enzyme has no correlation with starch and its components, but the ADPG enzyme control the beginning of starch synthesis and synthesis rate; GBSS enzyme has a positive correlation with amylose content, it affect the synthesis of amylose; Q enzyme has a positive correlation with starch content, and SSS enzyme has a negative correlation with starch content, Q enzyme and SSS enzyme affect the synthesis of starch respectively in different periods.(4)The yield of Kexin 13, Kexin 18 and Yanshu 4 were decreased by 10.2%, 5.7%, 11.2% after reducing the fertilizer. The commodity potato rate of three tested varieties decreased by 11.5%, 6.5%, 5.7% respectively. The yield of starch were decreased by 18.9%, 18.8%, 14.4% respectively. |
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