Studies On The Flowering Of Phyllostachys Heteroclada Olive And Neosinocalamus Affinis Keng F

Bamboo is the important plant both as the forest resource and as the main food of Giant Panda, which is the on the verge of depopulation. Therefore, the great occurrence of Phyllostachys heteroclada olive flowering, resulting in the death of the bamboo, not only damaged the coming of local peasants, but also endangered the survival of bamboo. This study has investigated biological characteristics and carbon, nitrogen metabolism and rejuvenation of Phyllostachys heteroclada olive and Neosinocalamus affinis Keng f during the period of flowering. And the main result as followed:1. The development rule of Phy. Her. olive was investigated. The shooting time of flowering is later than that of the non-flowering bamboos. The development of shooting of flowering individuals is similar with that of the non-flowerings, and it has spent 60 days on shooting. The shooting production and proportion of grown up bodies of the flowering bamboos is clearly few than that of non-flowering bamboos, which indicated that both the bamboos' vitality and forest production decreased evidently during the period of flowering. The height growth of flowering and non-flowering bamboos is consistent with the Logistic of curve of growth, but the capacity of height growth of non-flowering is evidently stronger.2. The whole population flowering at the same time is the main type of Phy. Het. olive in Ya'an, with lasting five months. Neither pollinating with artificial ways nor natural ones made bamboos seeding successfully. With observing the flower apparatus and microspore fertility, it was suggested that normal chapiter and germen and the damage of worms mainly contributed to the non-seeding of bamboos. Comparing with Phy. Het. olive, Neo. Aff Keng f has longer flowering period with eight months. The great number of pollens were found to have lower fertility, and by now seeding was not observed for Neo. Aff Keng f. The rain-rich weather is the main reason of Neo. Aff Keng f sterility.3. Both the average air temperature in January and July of lowering years (2001 to 2006) are higher than that of non-flowering (1985 to 2000)years, the average air temperature in January is higher than average of non-flowering years 0.29℃and 0.225℃of average from 1985 to 2006; the average air temperature in July of flowering years is also higher, it is higher than average of non-flowering years 0.958℃and 0.697℃of average from 1985 to 2006. The mean year-precipitation of flowering years is fewer than non-flowering years, it in flowering years is lower than non-flowering years 124.9 mm and 90.Smm from 1985 to 2006. The statistics also showed that bamboo flowering had the significant correlation with the forest temperature and humidity, both the temperature and humidity of flowering bamboo forest were higher than that of non-flowering forest. And the bamboos growing at the sunshiny area are more prone to flower than those growing at downsun area. generally, enough sunshine, higher forest temperature and humidity and dry can lead bamboo to flower.4. The content of some matter is related to metabolism in Pky. Het. olive and Neo. Aff Keng f leaves were measurated during flowering, the result showed that hormone GA₃ promote flowering, ABA and ZT restrain flowering, the influence of IAA is not obvious. The change of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total amount of chlorophyll content in Phy. Het. olive and Neo. Aft. Keng f leaves showing no obvious difference. The change of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total amount of chlorophyll content in flowering Pky. Her. olive and Neo. Aft. Keng f leaves, especially flower reversed Pky. Her. olive leaves obvious undulate, and the content increased along with flowering. The content of soluble sugar, total amount of sugar and activity of invertase in flowering Phy. Het. olive and Neo. Aff Keng f leaves are all increased at begginning of flower, activity of invertase in non-flowering Phy. Het. olive and Neo. Aff Keng f leaves reduced. The content of soluble protein in Phy. Het. olive and Neo. Aff Keng f leaves is increased along with growth, but the growing rate of flowering is smaller than non-flowering; the activity of GS of flowering bamboo is higher than non-flowering; the content of soluble sugar,/ soluble protein in flowering bamboo larger than non-flowering, total amount of sugar/total amount of protein is not obvious different between flowering and non-flowering bamboo. The result showed that the intensity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism can forebode the transform from vegetable growth to florescence.5 The key metabolism factors of blooming of Phyllostachys heteroclada olive and Neosinocalamus affinis Keng f were analyzed by using the principal component analysis method. The results show that GA₃, GA₃/ABA and starch enzymeis are the most important foctors, followed by soluble sugar, activity of starch enzyme and GS. Certain content of GA, starch and soluble sugar and GA/ABA could promote bamboo flower, while right content of ZT and ZT/ABA could restrain bamboo flowering. In order to show bamboo flowering more clearly, form the primary simulating model of bamboo flowering was constructed. And the model showed that the flowering of bamboo is lengthy and complicated. Any broken for the tache would possibly accelerate or terminate growing and florescence course, which could be the reason why bamboo florescence is so variable.6. The rejuvenation experiments that can restrain Phy. Het. olive florescence were carried out, according of feeding demand of local panda. The best measure of rejuvenation of Phy. Her. olive was suggested to fell all the plants at the beginning of florescence and only fell flowering plants next year. This measure led to high content of soluble sugar,total sugar,soluble protein and the ratio of total sugar and protein in rhizome with the most active GS. This result explained well that the mechanism of metabolize during florescence periods, and approved that the condition of rhizome growth was a key to reflect clone-growth and ability of bamboo shooting. All of the main nutrient matters content, GS activity of rhizome and morphological characteristics has important relationship with florescence procedure.