Studied On Majoorgene-polygene Genetic System And Diversity Of Popcorn

Major gene-polygene genetic system of popcorn quantitative trait were studied byduplicational grouping random design in 2 pureline as parent combination B01 (P₁)×B02(P₂),6ancestry generation, and genetic diversity were studied by SSR molecular marker in 45popcorns.The purpose of these works is to hold the genetic law of popcorn quantitative trait,enhance breeding efficiency.The results is below:1. The trait genetic system of popcorn flower is compose of 2 pair major gene whichexhibit additive and dominance effect and large different, and polygene, meanwhile, 2pair exist additive×additive, additive×dominance and dominance×dominanceinteractive effect. Beside manin gene, the popcorn flower rate is controled by polygene.Polygne effect main express additive, dominance and interactive effect. The major geneheritability(h_mg²(%)) of ancestry segregate generation of B_1:2, B_2:2, F_2:3 is74.99%,78.35%and 62.33%, polyene heritability(h_pg²(%)) is 3.12%,3.52%,6.12%respectly. The 60% phenotype variation of 3 ancestory generation is controled by majorgene, and a small quantity by environment.2. Expand trait genetic system is compose 1 pair major gene and polygene. Major genewxhibit additive effect, no dominance effect. Polygene exist additive and dominanceeffect, and all is negative value. The major gene heritability of B_1:2, B_2:2, F_2:3 are lower,the polygene heritability of B_2:2 is 89.16%, so, expand trait is main controled bypolygene.3. Expand volumn trait is compose of polygene. Polygene exhibit additive, dominance,interactive effect, polygene heritability range from 10.49%-65.52%. Environmentinfluence expand volumn phenotype.4. Starch conent and protein content trait is compose by lpair major gene and polygene.Starch content major gene exist additive effect, no dominance effect. Additive effect ofmajor gene d-10.0643, is negative, that indicate major gene exist, the starch content islower, polygene exist additive, dominance effect, which is negative value. The majorgene heritability of B_2:2, F_2:3 is 80.96%, 82.55%, the heritability of polygene is 2.91%, 3.27%. The phenotype variance is due to gene, the major gene of proein exhibitcomplete dominance effect which is negative value. The polygene exist additive,dominance effect, and later is larger than before. The major gene heritability of B_1:2, F_2:3generation is 50.16%, 52.80%, i.e.major gene determine phenotype variance about 50%,and environment has some influence.5. 100-grains weight, single spike weight, grain number per row and stem high geneticsystem is compose 1 pair major gene and polygene. Major gene exist additive effect, nodominance effect. 100-grains weight,stem high trait major gene additive effect ispositive, polygene exist additive, dominance effect all positive, hence the 2 characterexist heterosis. 100-grain weight heritability of F_2:3 major gene is 70.33%, theheritability of polygene is 12.81%, the stem high major gene heritability of F_2:3 ancestrygeneration is 53.87%, polygene heritability is 38.54%, the major gene play importantrole in 100-grains weight, stem high. The additive effect of major gene grain number perrow is negative, polygene additive, dominance effect of a single spike weight is positive,polygene additive effect of grain number per row is negative, dominance effect ispositive, dominance effect is more than additive effect. A single spike weight major geneheritability of B_2:2 is 62.11%, polygene is 32.48%, a single spike phenotype variancemain due to mainene, a little environment, the major gene heritability of B_2:2 grainnumber per row is 48.31%, polygeneis 22.19%, the environment play important role inthe trait.6. Spike length, the position of spike, male spike branch genetic systemis composepolygene. Polygene exist additive,dominance, interactive effect. Polygen heritability islarger, spike length, the heritability of position of spike and male spike branch in F_2:3 isrespectively 88.52%,78.12%, 84.82%.7. Bare tip long, male spike long, chlorophyll content genetic system is compose 1 pairand polygene. Major gene of bare tip long has additive, dominance effect, the former isnegative, the later is positive, and former is larger, than later, polygene exist additive,dominance effect, and the former is positive, the later is negative. The dominance degreeis -0.1056, that showed that bare tip is dominance than no. the major gene heritability ofB_2:2 is 69.05%, polygene is 27.29%, the environment affect bare tip little. The majorgene of male spike long exist complete dominance, effect is negative. Polygene includeadditive, dominance, the later large former. The major gene heritability of B_2:2 is 58.88%, polygene heritability is 33.96%. the gene play important role in the trait of male spikelong, and a little environment, the major gene of chlorophyll content include additive,dominance, the former is negative, the later is positive, and dominance is larger additive,the dominance degree is -2.0688. polygene include additive, dominance and interactive.The major gene heritability of B_2:2 is 55.28%, polygene heritability is 26.36%. the geneplay important role in the trait of chlorophyll content, and some environment.8. 334 alleles variance were checked by using 80 pair SSR primer, each primer check 2-9allele, average 4.2, polymorohic variance from 0.10 to 0.83, average 0.53.9. 45 popcorn inbred lines group 5, the first group includeB01,B36,B45,B17,B10,B28,B39,B38; the second include B02, B41, B14, B43, B07,B13, B40, B03, B20, B22, B33, B35, B16, B25, B04, B15, B23, B37, B21, B42, B11,B24, B05, B30, B32, B19, B44, B08, B27, B12, B26, B29, B31; the third include B09;the forth include B34; the fifth include B06, B18.10. In some content, the genetic distance more large, the heterosis is strength, and it isimportant reference in breeding. Almost all strength heterosis is express by differentclasses inbred line, but not all combinance from different classes express like so. Hence,molecule marker is not enough to estimate heterosis of popcorn inbred line.11. The plot yield, general combining ability and molecule marker exhibit positivecorrelation, popcornflower rate of F₁, expand and molecule marker exhibit no dominantcorrelation.