Mycoflora Of Plant Pathogenic Fungi In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Mycoflora of plant pathogenic fungi in provincial regions has not been conducted systematicaly in China, and the present dissertation was a try for this problem as the model with Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was located in Upper Yellow River of northwest China with an area of 51,800 km2,and extended North China zone, Yellow River grassland zone, Inner Mongolia-xinjiang zone, Northeast grassland sub-zone and Northwest dessert-grassland sub-zone. Here ecological environment was complicated, and vegetations of desert-grassland, grassland, forest and farmland were distributed. There were 1,832 species of vascular plant belonging to 128 families and 609 genera. Plant pathogenic fungi live suitably in such volatile environments and on complex hosts. Mycoflora of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has been determined basically by systematical spotting-investigation, collecting and identifying for 6,158 samples in recent 4 years, and main results were as follows.1. Ninety-eight genera and 391 species were found, among of them,34 genera and 94 species belonging to Ascomycota,14 genera and 86 species belonging to Basidiomycota,1 genera and 1 species belonging to Chytridiomycota, 1 genera and 1 species belonging to Zygomycota, 38 genera and 163 species belonging to Anamorphic fungi, and 10 genera and 46 species belonging to Oomycota.2. Seven new species were found, which were Alternaria ammopiptanthi, Alternaria hippophii, Alternaria ningxiaensis, Alternaria tetraena, Pseudocercospora elaeagnae, Pseudocercospora nitrariae and Pseudocercospora tamarixae.3. Sixteen newly recorded hosts of plant pathogenic fungi for China were Artemisia sacrorum, Allium eduardii Stearn, Ulmus glaucescens Franch., Taraxacum platypecidum, Nitraria sibirica, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Achnatherum inebrians, Achnatherum splendens, Adenophora ningxianica, Scorzonera mongolica, Arabis alashanica, Chenopodium iljinii, Foeniculum vulgare, Artemisia pontica, Agropyron mongolicum and Cleistogenes gracilis.4. Forty-four newly recorded genera and 195 newly recorded species of plant pathogenic fungi for Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were found.5. Four hundred and seventy published species were revised based on literature survey and spotting-check, considering our finding species in this time, until now total 203 genera and 665 species of fungi have been found in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.6. Mycoflora of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were divided into 5 distribution zones, which were Hanlanshan mountain zone, Yinchuan Yellow River irrigated zone, Yan-tong dessert-grassland zone, Guyuan loess plateau zone and Liupanshan mountain zone.7. Hanlanshan mountain zone included in geography areas of Hanlanshan nature reserves. In this zone most plant pathogenic fungi mainly acted on trees as hosts and the diseases caused were hardly epidemic. Following were dominant species:Puccinia pygmae, Gymnosporangium haraonum, Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme, Melampsora larici-epitea, Podosphaera tridactyla, Valsa sordida, Erysiphe cichoracearum.8. Ningxia Yellow River irrigated zone included in geography total Yellow River irrigated areas of Ningxia. Here dominant species were Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia graminis, Peronospora parasitica, Sphaerotheca cucurbita ,Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Peronospora farinose, Pythium ultimum, Pythium aphanidermatum and Alternaria tenuissima. There were much more numbers and kinds of plant pathogenic fungi here, which were the main characteristics of this zone. Otherwise, distribution of Oomycota was concentrated and Epidemic diseases were more in this zone.9. Yan-tong dessert-grassland zone included in geography most parts of Yanchi, Tongxin, Haiyuan, lingwu county and less part of Zhongwei county, called Ningxia centre arid dealt. Dominant species were Erysiphe artemisiae , Leveillula leguminosarum ,Microsphaera caraganae,Trichocladia hedysari ,Uncinula kenjiana, Phyllachora sp,Puccinia adjuncta ,Puccinia aeluropodis, Puccinia artemisiae-keikeanae ,Puccinia atrofusca ,Puccinia glycyrrhizae ,Puccinia recondita ,Uromyces glycyrrhizae,Uromyces laburni,Urocystis agropyri. The characteristics of this zone was that there were fewer numbers and kinds of the fungi, and many fungi were suitable to live in dessert-grassland ecological areas. There were not epidemic diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi in this zone.10. Guyuan loess plateau zone included in geography most parts of Guyuan, some parts of Tongxin and Haiyuan counties. Dominant species were Puccinia striiformis ,Phytophthora infestans, Pythium ultimum, Puccinia graminis, Alternaria solani,Cercospora davisii,Urocystis agropyri, Pseudocercospora circumscissa, Phyllachora gramini, Erysiphe convolvuli var. dichotoma. The characteristics of this zone was that there were much more kinds, more obvious dominant species and fewer epidemic diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi.11. Liupanshan mountain zone in geography areas of Liupanshan nature reserves. Dominant species were Puccinia recondite, Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis, Ustilago striiformis, Puccinia graminis, Melampsora larici-populina, Blumeria graminis,Lophodermium pinastri,Gnomona leptostyle, Phytophthora infestans, Microsphaera alphitoides. In this zone the kinds of plant pathogenic fungi were few, but the numbers of total plant pathogenic fungi and special fungi were much many, and there were not epidemic diseases in this zone.12.The sequence of ITS for 8 species of Alternaria from legume plants infected by these fungi in Ningxia and 3 species from other plants in northwest A&F University campus inYanglin of Shaanxi province were analyzed.The results showed that the sequences were some differences between large-spored species and small-spored species of Alternaria, but no differences in small-spored species.Mycoflora of plant pathogenic fungi and its distribution in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region have been basically determined by this research, which will provide strong references for other provinces to do similar projects and lay the foundation for studying diversity and ecology of fungi. The results from plant pathogenic fungi identified will be a steadily basis for writing Ningxia Fungi Flora and setting up controlling strategies and quarantine for pests and diseases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.