Study On Genetic Diversity Of Germplasm Resources Of Oat(Avena Sativa L.)

Oat (Avena sativa L.) belonging to genus Avena, tribe Aveneae, family Gramineae, was a Chinese dominated coarse crops in arid areas, and it was also an important plant of grain and forage and had food therapy function. Study and evaluation on genetic diversity of germplasm resources of oat (Avena sativa L.), which was important to the study of the origin and evolution, the investigation of germplasm resources, making protection measures for genetic diversity, new genes identification and germplasm innovation and utilization for oat. Therefore, DNA and morphological diversity and protein polymorphism of 74 oat germplasm resources were comprehensive evaluated at the northern and southern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia, and compared to the study of genetic diversity of three different levels in this paper. The results were as follows.1. Morphological diversity of 74 oats germplasm resources were studied in the two kinds of different ecological environment. The results showed that oat germplasm had rich diversity of morphological characters, with diversity index of qualitative character in average of 1.07. The average diversity index of quantitative character of two experimental sites was 1.90 and 1.65, respectively, and the average coefficient was 24.14% and 27.66%.2. By using the principal component analysis and discrimination analysis of morphological characters of oat, the results indicated that principal components were obviously and the morphological variation of oat germplasm was caused by main spike grain weight, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per plant and seed shape at Huhhot experimental site, however, it was caused by main spike grain weight, grain weight per plant and spikelet number of main spike at Wuchuan experimental site.3. 74 oats germplasm at two experimental sites were divided into five groups by using cluster analysis on morphological characters of oat, and the different oat germplasm with great difference in groups was selected due to very multiplicity. At Huhhot experimental site, the groupΙcan be used as parent material to select big grain and high-yield varieties, whereas the groupПcan be used as parent material to select multi spike cultivars. At Wuchuan experimental sites, as parent material, the groupΙcan be selected big varieties, the groupⅤcan be selected high-yield varieties, the groupⅤcan be selected multi spike cultivars and the groupⅢcan be selected dwarf varieties.4. By acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) analysis, the high allelic variation of gliadin alleles of 74 oats were observed, and 73 types of gliadin patterns were also detected. The average gentic diversity index of allele was 0.5229, genetic similarity coefficient of gliadin ploymorphism varied from 0.1667 to 1.000, and average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4964. The results showed that 19 bands of gliadin were separated from materials and the gliadin ploymorphism was up to 100%. Gliadin of 74 oats were divided into six groups by cluster analysis and some of materials had related to the geographical origins including naked and covered oat.5. Three of nutritional compositions of 74 oats germplasm resources were determined under two different ecological environments and high genetic variation in quality characteristics among different materials were observed. The average coefficient variation and diversity index of three nutritional quality characteristics was 18.43% and 1.84, respectively, at Huhhot experimental site. However, at Wuchuan experimental site, the average coefficient variation and diversity index was 17.32% and 1.74, respectively. Stability of quality characteristics were analyzed under two experimental sites, the results showed that the content of protein numbered 24, 25, 46, 48, 69 and 70,β-glucan content numbered 47, 48 and 54 and lysine content numbered 13, 24, 25, 27 and 71 was high and stable, moreover, a batch of superior quality germplasms resources were selected including 32 samples at Huhhot experimental site and 35 samples at Wuchuan experimental site.6. The content of protein,β-glucan and lysine among different genetics of germplasm were significantly difference, and the average content of protein andβ-glucan at Wuchuan site was significantly higher than those of Huhhot site. The content of three of nutritional compositions in naked oat was significantly higher than covered oat. There was significant positive correlation between the content of protein and lysine andβ-glucan content, and there was also correlation between the content of protein and lysine, but there was not significant difference.7. Three of nutritional compositions content of oats germplasm resources at two experimental sites were analyzed by cluster analysis and the results showed that there were significant differences in nutritional quality among different groups.8. Extracting of high quality genome DNA from plant using plant genome kit accorded with AFLP analysis due to high purity and quality. The percentage of polymorphic bands were higher by appending Pst ? and Mse ? primer of three selective nucleotide to 3′termini of core primer in this study and had high effects.9. 74 oats germplasm were studied by amplified fragment length polymorphism and 10 AFLP primer pairs were selected, moreover, 784 of the primers set produced clear bands and 760 of them showed polymorphism, the percentage of polymorphic bands reached to 96.91%. Results indicated that evaluating the genetic diversity of oat using AFLP marker had higher testing efficiency due to high AFLP polymorphism.10. The results of analysis showed high genetic diversity of AFLP marker, and the average Nei's index and Shannon's information index was 0.382 and 0.573, respectively. The variance range of genetic similarity coefficient of 74 oat varieties were 0.2881 ~ 0.9106.11. By AFLP marker, 74 oat germplasm resources were divided into five groups by using cluster analysis, which seemed related to the geographical origins and naked or covered oat.