Studies On Biological Characteristics, Cultivation Techniques And Extration Method Of Effective Components In Hebei Xiangju

Dendranthema morifolium Ramat, a Perennial herb, is one of traditonal medicine in China, which has the effect on reducing fever, removing heat from the liver and improving eyesight by the flower head. In recent years, the demand has been increasing furtherly with the deeply researching on the chemical constituents and pharmacological action of the chrysanthemum, and the wild resources cannot meet fundamentally to the needs for that. HebeiXiangju is a new style of chrysanthemum varieties which was found by medicinal plant research center of Hebei academy of agriculture and forestry sciences and had special fragrance. The essential oil reaches 1.6% which was 3 times compared to same kind ones, and the total flavonoid reaches 5.1% which was 2 times comparened to Qiju and Hangbaiju, thus it is a new resource which should be urgently developted and utilized. The biological characteristics, cultivation techniques and extraction method of effective components were studied. The main results were as follows:1 The dynamic growth and development process of HebeiXiangjuThe growth speed of HebeiXiangju was slow at the early stage, then it grown quikly after transplant 45 days, the plant height and stem diameter increased obviously, the growth speed became slower at bud stage, and then stopped at flower stage. According to the change of plant height and cane diameter, the growth of HebeiXiangju showed 3 phases.2 Accumulating regularity of the effective componentsThe chlorogenic acid in main stem and leaf of HebeiXiangju had the same changing current at the growth stage, the content of chlorogenic acid in branches and the content of essential oil in leaf increased along with the plant developing. The content of chlorogenic acid in different organs was as follows: main stem>branches>leaves, the total flavonoid content was as follows: leaves>branches>stem. The changing current of effective contents in top bud and lateral bud was the same, the content in former was more than the latter at the most time, the chlorogenic acid incresed along with the plant development which reached the highest at t6 stage of bud, then decreased, the total flavonoid content in top bud reached the highest at t4 stage of bud, t6 stage of bud with latteral bud, the change of essential oil of top bud and latteral bud presented"M"curve, and they reached the highest at t3 stage and t6 stage of bud. 3 Accumulation and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, kalium in HebeiXiangjuIn the whole stage, the nitrogen and kalium content in each organ of HebeiXiangju was more than phosphorus. Other mineral content of tissues were kalium>nitrogen>phosphorus except root and the first branch. The content of nitrogen in each organ was high, but the contents of it was steady in root, stem and branches in bud stage. The phosphorus in each organ was steady too except bud, and the changing current in root and main stem was the same, the other organs hold the higher phosphorus content. The kalium content in each organ decreased along with the growing stage. The content of the three elements in leaf was the highest at early stage, then the bud hold the highest content in bud stage. The critical stage of phosphorus was earlier than nitrogen and kalium.4 Effect of topping on yield and quality in HebeiXiangju and its physiological mechanismThe number of the first branch and the secondary branch increased obviously after topping. The plant height and cane diameter had close relationship with the topping stage. The content of chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b decreased after topping, the change of it in subtending leaf was obviously less than that in stem leaf, and the chlorophyll content with topping 3 times treatment was the least. The soluble protein in stem leaf decreased after topping at the most time, the decreasing content in late stage was smaller than that of early stage. The soluble sugar and starch were increased after topping, which was the same as MDA in stem leaf. The more topping times the more yield of HebeiXiangju, there had significantly diversity in different treatment. The content of chlorogrnic acid and total flavonoid were lower with DD6(topping 3 times) treatment than that of other treatments, DD5 (topping 2 times)treament got the highest content of three effective components.5 Effect of density on yield and quality in HebeiXiangju and its physiological mechanismThe change of LAI of HebeiXiangju with each density treatment was single curve, the LAI content increased the highest from T1 (early seedlingstage) to T2 (seedling stage), the time of each treatment reach the top was the same, but the LAI in high-density treatment dropped rapidly. The physiological metabolization of lower density treatment was stonger, it had the characters: the higher chlorophyll content, the stronger carbolic-nitric, the higher Pn. The density determined the effective components of HebeiXiangju, when the density reached the certainly scope (from 27779 plant/hm2to 62503plant/hm2), the effective components in flower were steady. The difference between M1 (111116 plant/hm2) treatment and M5 (20409 plant/hm2) treatment was obvious. M2 (62503 plant/hm2) treatment was the best according to the effective components in unit area.6 Effect of PP333 on yield and quality in HebeiXiangju and its physiological mechanismThe plant height was controlled but the cane diameter was accelerated and each growing phase and days of HebeiXiangju was delayed, and then the whole stage was delayed too after PP333 application. The chlorophyll content in Xiangju leaf increased at the most time, and the more PP333 application the more chlorophyll increased extent. The MDA content of each PP333 was decreased after PP333 application. The yield of each PP333 treatment incresed except E group (spraying PP333 at early seedling stage, seedling stage and bud stage) treatment, the middle PP333 concentration reached the high yield with C (spraying PP333 at bud stage) and D(spraying PP333 at seedling stage and bud stage) group treatment. PP333 increased the chlorogenic acid content in most treatment, B group, the more PP333 concentration the more chlorogenic acid content in D group and E group. The content of total flavonoid and essential oil increased after PP333 application, the D group reached the highest essential oil content while E group reached the least content.7 Studies on the extraction technology of active components from HebeiXiangjuResearch on extration technology of the chlorogenic acid showed that the optimum conditons of ultrasound-assisted extraction was as follows: the ethanol concentration was 90%, the ratio of material to solution was 1:20, temperature was 55℃and time was 1.5h.Research on extraction technology of the total flavonoid showed that the optimum conditons of ultrasound-assisted extracton were as follows: the ethanol concentration was 90%, the ratio of material to solution was 1:80, temperature was 65℃and time was 0.75h by ultrasonic ware extraction.