| The feasibility of using Melon cDNA array ver1.0 to detect the gene expression of mature fruit of Cucumis melo var.ameri were studied. The results showed that the melon cDNA array ver1.0 could detect the expression of 2008 genes in the variety which was sourness taste in fruit and diseases resistance of Cucumis melo var.ameri. The detected genes accounted for 65.4% of the total 3068 probe groups. 251 up-regulated and 224 down-regulated were detected in the variety, accounting for 12.5% and 11.16% of total detected genes respectively. This finding included additional 62 up- and 33 down-regulated unknown ("no hit") genes. Among the identified ones, 47 genes expressed significant (FDR<0.01 and fold change≧2) differential expressed genes. The identified genes include, citric synthase mitochondrial precursor and those associated with defense response, cell wall modification, plant hormones and signal transduction, structural constituent of ribosome,transcriptional factor/regulatory factor. The changes in mRNA abundance detected by microarray analysis was validated by using RT-PCR, results showed that melon cDNA array ver1.0 could efficiently be used for gene expression analysis of Cucumis melo var.ameri. Component and content of organic acid and citrate synthase (CS) activity during pre- and post-irradiation fruit development were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography and uv-spectrophotometer. The comparative transcription profiling found that several genes that could be related to traits of sourness, disease resistance in the fruit of post 60Co-γirradiation. Our results also suggest that 60Co-γirradiation mutation changes the mRNA levels for CS mitochondria, followed by changes in the protein and/or activity levels that relates with the changes in the citrate levels. It may be a primary trigger for citrate accumulation in the fruit of sour-flavor matant.Four generations of inbred line with sour-flavor matant and Huangpicui P1, P2, F1 and F2 were used to study the inheritance of melon sugar content,sour content and sugar acid radio traits by joint analysis method of multiple generations. The results showed that the total sugar content was controlled by two pairs of equal additive major genes plus additive-dominant polygene (E-4 model). The major gene heritability was 88.8%; the polygene heritability was 6.94%. The glucose content fitted two pairs of additive-dominance-epitasis major genes plus additive-dominant-epitasis polygene (E-0 model). The flucrose content fitted two pairs of additive-dominance-epitasis major genes plus additive-dominant polygene (E-1 model). The inheritance of sucrose content fitted one pair of additive–dominance major gene plus additive–dominance-epitasis polygene (D-0 model). The major gene heritability was 74.76%; the polygene heritability was 25.04%. The inheritance of total sour content fitted one pair of additive–dominance major gene plus additive–dominance-epitasis polygene (D-0 model). The major gene heritability was 26.68%; the polygene heritability was 72.77%. The citrate content fitted two pairs of additive-dominance major genes plus additive-dominant polygene (E-2 model). The major gene heritability was 90.13%; the polygene heritability was 8.78%. Sugar acid radio trait fitted two pairs of additive-dominance-epitasis major genes plus additive-dominant polygene (E-1 model). The major gene heritability was 82.86%; the polygene heritability was 16.02%. The inheritance of acidity fitted one pair of additive–dominance major gene plus additive–dominance-epitasis polygene (D-0 model). The major gene heritability was 84.21%; the polygene heritability was 14.13%. There were highly correlated between glucose content and fructose, sucrose content and total sugar, citrate content and total sour. It had high relativity between total sugar and glucose content, total sugar and fructose, sucrose content and citrate, citrate content and total sugar, total sugar and total sour, total sour and malate, sucrose content and total sour, sugar acid radio and fructose. The glucose content and acidity traits refer to only one pleiotropic major gene. The additive effect and dominance effect of the major gene were estimated as -2.53037 mg g-1 FW and 3.1681 mg g-1 FW on glucose, 0.6659 and -0.6325 on acidity, respectively. The major gene showed overdominance for glucose content and close to complete dominance for acidity. The sucrose content and acidity traits refered to only one pleiotropic major gene. The additive effect and dominance effect of the major gene were estimated as- 13.5563 mg g-1 FW and–1.5948 mg g-1 FW on sucrose, and–0.6122 and -0.7451 on acidity, respectively. The major gene showed incomplete dominance for sucrose content and complete dominance for acidity. The citrate content and acidity traits refered to only one pleiotropic major gene. The additive effect and dominance effect of the major gene were estimated as -1.0855 mg g-1 FW and-2.8537 mg g-1 FW on citrate, and 0.6476 and–0.6708 on acidity, respectively. The major gene shows overdominance for citrate content and close to complete dominance for acidity. The total sour content and acidity traits refered to only one pleiotropic major gene. The additive effect and dominance effect of the major gene are estimated as1.2735 mg g-1 FW and -2.9746 mg g-1 FW on total sour content, and -0.647and–0.6697 on acidity, respectively, The major gene showed overdominance for glucose content and close to complete dominance for acidity.The influence of temperature and solar on sugar and acid content of fruit FN3 melon cultured in spring film house, autumn film house and autumu green house, were analyzed by using grey relational grade analysis method. The results showed that the influence rankings on sugar content were: accumulative solar radiation > accumulative daily temperature difference > effective accumulative temperature. The influence of temperature and solar on acid content of FN3 fruit were in order of accumulative daily temperature difference > accumulative solar radiation > effective accumulative temperature.With different crops for rotation, the effects of air temperature and accumulated daily difference in temperature on the sucrose, citrate accumulation and sugar acid radio of greenhouse melon fruit were studied, with related simulation model established. The results showed that the sucrose, citrate accumulation and sugar acid radio model were logistic function, all of which were driven by effective accumulative temperature. The constant term in the functions was driven by accumulative daily difference in temperature, and the correlation was a linear function. Model test showed that the models were able to objectively simulate and predict the changes of fruit sucrose, citrate accumulation and sugar acid radio with fruit development, and possessed practical value for the accurate estimates to melon fruit inherent quality and optimization to determine harvest of melon fruit.
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