Functional Gene Research On Meat Quality Traits In Yanbian Yellow Cattle

Yanbian Yellow Cattle was the most potential breed with high-quality beef production in china. As one of five famous local cattle breed, Yanbian Yellow Cattle has good performances such as cold resistant and crude feed tolerance. The tenderness, flavor and nutrition of fresh meat have been well recognized in China. In order to discover the excellent genetic resources related to high quality beef features including rich flavor and tenderness in Yanbian Yellow Cattle we carried out the present study.1. In the present experiment, the performances on growth and meat quality were observed. It was found that the parameters on high quality beef grade were reached the high quality beef standard.2. Three functional genes (CAPN1,CAPN3 and CAST) related to the meat quality were selected in the present study. The gene specific primers for amplify high mutant region were designed, and the polymorpHisms were detected used by PCR-SSCP, the correlation analysis was done to meat quality traits by statistical software SPSS 13. It was found that all loci have polymorpHism, in CAPN1 and CAST gene, many polymorpHic sites formatted tightly linked heliotypes in all loci have. The F311S amino acids mutant was caused by the c 862 T>C nucleotide mutant in E7-2 loci, and the M599V amino acids mutant were due to the c1795 A>G nucleotide mutant in E14-3 loci. Some polymorpHic sites in CAPN1,CAPN3 and CAST gene represents species characteristics of Yanbian Yellow Cattle. Three basal CTC insert mutant was found in loci of c1735+794 in CAPN1 gene, The g75342 G→A,g75380-81 AA→GG,g75406 A→G,g101895 A→T and g101898 G→A nutnats in CAST gene were unique in Yanbian Yellow Cattle.The CAPN1,CAPN3 and CAST gene were significantly related to many meat quality traits. E1-1, C3-1 and E1-2 loci in CAST gene were correlated with the meat tenderness (p<0.05); E4-2 in CAST and E14-4 loci in CAPN1 were significantly correlated with cooking loss. E14-4 in CAPN1 and CAPN3-3 loci in CAPN3 were significantly correlated with PH (p<0.05); E14-4, E14-5 and E14-6 loci in CAPN1 gene, E4-2 loci in CAST gene were significantly correlated with beef color (p<0.05); E14-4 loci in CAPN1 gene and E4-2 loci in CAST gene were significantly correlated with all color, such as the redness, yellowness colorness and the color angle (p<0.05); CAPN3-1 and CAPN3-3 gene were significantly correlated with the yellowness. The correlation analysis with fatty acids was found that E7-1 loci in CAPN1 gene was significantly correlated with the proportion of myristic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (p<0.05); The CAPN3-2 gene was significantly correlated with the proportion of myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (p<0.05); The E1-1,E1-2 and C3-1 loci in CAST gene were significantly correlated with the proportion of myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid.The different genotype were significantly correlated with the proportion of amino acids:The E7-2 and E14-5 loci in CAPN1, the CAPN3-2 loci in CAPN3 and the El-1,El-2 and C3-1 loci in CAST gene were significantly correlated with the amino acids. The E7-2 loci was significantly correlated with the proportion of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, tyrosine, pHenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine (p<0.05); The E14-5 loci was significantly correlated with the proportion of histidine, tyrosine and lysine (p<0.05); The CAPN3-2 loci was significantly correlated with the content of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, threonine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, pHenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and dried acid (p<0.05); The E1-1 loci in CAST gene was significantly correlated with the proportion of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, arginine, alanine, valine, methionine, pHenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine (p<0.05); The C3-1 loci in CAST gene was significantly correlated with the proportion of glycine, alanine and lysine (p<0.05); The E1-2 loci was significantly correlated with the content of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, arginine, alanine, valine, methionine, pHenylalanine, isoleucine and lysine.3. The ADCY2,TFR2,SETD7 and KIAA0748 gene were selected as the candidate genes related to the meat quality. The genes primers were designed for amplify middle fragment by prediction sequences in Genebank, and amplifying the middle fragment. Basing on the sequence of middle fragment, The RACE primer for amplifying 3'and 5'gene ends of the ADCY2,TFR2 were designed. In the present study, the ADCY2, SETD7 and KIAA0748 gene expression in different tissues were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that 1562bp fragment of KIAA0748 gene, was successfully cloned and the 18 delete mutant in amino acids was arose by the 54 nucleotides delete mutant.In the SETD7 gene,1045bp fragment with coding 384 amino acid was successfully cloned,. I was also observed that the SETD7 polymorpHism in amino acid was in Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The full cDNA of ADCY2 and TFR2 gene detected by the RACE PCR were also successfully cloned, coding 983 and 804 amino acids respectively. Sequence analysis was shown that the premature termination was observed in the ADCY2 gene with no changes in the functional domains conformation. Functional domains analysis was shown that the difference in cattle TFR2 gene was found compare to other species. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR was shown that the ADCY2, SETD7 and KIAA0748 gene may have extensive tissues distribution and high expression levels except of few tissues.