Adjuvant Effects Of Oral Administration Of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Yupingfengsan And Zengyetang

Vaccination is a common practice against infectious disease in the world. However, failure to elicit effective immune responses by vaccination has been frequently reported. Therefore, there is a need to improve currently available vaccines in order to effectively protect humans and animals from infection. There is growing evidence that medicinal herbs and the ingredients enhance the immune response to vaccines direct against infectious agents. The "Eight Zhe Herbs" (Zhe Ba Wei [Z-8]) is well known because the medicinal quality of the 8 herbs produced in Zhe Jiang Province is believed to be better than in other parts of China. They include Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl., Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., Curcuma wenyujin, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Fritillaria thunbergii Miq., and Eorydalis yanhusuo. The thesis was to study the effects of oral administration of herbal soups made from Zhe Ba Wei and the related compound recipe of Yu Ping Feng San and Zeng Ye Tang on the immunity adjuvant effect in mice.1. Screening of Zhe Ba Wei for their immunity adjuvant activityObjective Zhe Ba Wei is a collective term for 8 well known traditional Chinese medicinal plants, including Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl., Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., Curcuma wenyujin, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Fritillaria thunbergii Miq., and Eorydalis yanhusuo.The purpose of this study was to evaluate their immunity adjuvant activity in mice immunized with OVA. Methods Zhe Ba Wei were cooked as herbal soups. Groups of five ICR mice were s.c. immunized twice as a two-week interval with OVA (10μg). One day before each immunization, the mice had already been daily orally administered with a high, medium or low dose of herbal soups daily for 4 days. Blood was collected 2 weeks after the second immunization for measurement of IgG and the IgG subclasses. Results Oral administration of a soup made from Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl or Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz for 4 days significantly increased the IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 response in mice immunised with OVA. Oral administration of a high dose of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq may results in a complete inhibition of respiration, eventuating in death.2. Effects of Yu Ping Feng San and Yu Ping Feng San plus on the Immune Responses to Vaccination against Foot-and-mouth Virus in MiceObjective A compound recipe (Yu Ping Feng San) is effective therapy clinically in Traditional Chinese Medicine, so the study investigated the immunity adjuvant effects of the compound recipe. Methods Twenty one ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 animals in each group. The animals received daily oral administration of 0.25 mL of herbal liquid equivalent to 2 g of Yu Ping Feng San or Yu Ping Feng San plus per mL or saline solution. Twenty-four hours later, each mouse was s.c. immunized twice with commercial FMD vaccine at two week intervals. Three weeks after boosting, blood samples were collected for measurement of FMDV-specific IgG level and the IgG subclasses, and splenocytes were prepared for lymphocyte proliferation test. Results Serum FMDV-specific IgG and IgG subclass responses and splenocyte stimulation indexes were significantly enhanced in mice orally administered Yu Ping Feng San and Yu Ping Feng San plus compared with the control group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was found between Yu Ping Feng San and Yu Ping Feng San plus groups for serum FMDV-specific IgG and IgG subclass responses and splenocyte stimulation indexes.3. Effects of Zeng Ye Tang on the Immune Responses to Vaccination against FMDV in MiceObjective This study investigated the immunity adjuvant effects of Zeng Ye Tang recipe. Methods Forty ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. The animals received daily oral administration of 0.25 mL of herbal soup equivalent to 2 g of Zeng Ye Tang, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. including Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl., Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaerin) Libosch per mL or saline solution. Twenty-four hours later, each mouse was s.c. immunized twice with FMD vaccine at two week intervals. Three weeks after boosting, blood samples were collected for measurement of FMDV-specific IgG level and subclasses.Results The serum FMDV-specific IgG and IgG subclass responses were significantly enhanced in mice orally administered Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. and Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between Zeng Ye Tang for serum FMDV-specific IgG and IgG subclass responses (P>0.05).4. Adjuvant effects of Oral administration of water extracts of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM) on the immune responses to OVA in miceObjective In this study, the immunomodulation activity of oral administration in different doses of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM) in OVA-immunized mice has been evaluated. Methods ICR mice were daily oral administration of water extracts of RAM (0.05 g,0.1 g,0.2 g,0.4 g or 0.8 g) or saline for 4 days and intramuscularly injected with OVA (10μg) in saline on days 5. The OVA-specific IgG titer, IgGl, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibody levels and mitogen-stimulated splenocytes proliferation were measured two weeks after the booster. Results The serum IgG titer in mice immunized with OVA was significantly enhanced by water extracts of RAM (0.1 g,0.2 g,0.4 g and 0.8 g) as compared with control group (P< 0.05). Water extracts of RAM (0.2 g,0.4 g,0.8 g) significantly enhanced the total IgGl, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 (P< 0.05). Mitogen-stimulated splenocyte proliferation in the mice immunized with OVA (10μg) and oral administration of water extract of RAM (0.1 g,0.2 g,0.4 g and 0.8 g) were significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05).Water extracts of RAM (0.2 g) significantly increased the cytokine IFN-y (Thl cytokine) and IL-5 (Th2 cytokine) by splenocytes (P< 0.05). Above all, RAM has the potential adjuvant effects to enhance the immune responses to OVA in mice. Hence RAM deserve for further studies as an adjuvant.5. Enhancement of the immune responses to vaccination against FMDV in mice by oral administration of an extract made from Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM)Objective Present study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of a water extract made from RAM on the immune responses in mice immunized with FMDV type O vaccine. Methods Thirty five ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 7 animals in each group, and orally administered for 4 days at a daily dose of RAM of 0,0.0625 g,0.125 g,0.25 g or 0.5 g, respectively. After that, the animals were s.c. immunized twice with FMD vaccine at two week intervals. Blood samples were collected 3 weeks after boosting for measurement of FMDV-specific IgG titers and the IgG subclasses, lymphocyte proliferation as well as production IL-5 and IFN-y. Results The serum FMDV-specific IgG titers and the IgG subclass responses were significantly enhanced in mice orally administered RAM at the dose of 0.25 or 0.5 g compared with the control group (P< 0.05). Splenocyte proliferation in response to Con A and LPS and production of IL-5 and IFN-y by splenocytes were also significantly enhanced (P<0.05). Together, the results demonstrate that oral administration of RAM could enhance the FMDV-specific immune responses.6. Immune responses induced by feeding Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM) to vaccination against FMDV in miceIn experiment 1, Objective Present study was designed to evaluate the effects of feeding different treatment of RAM in different days on the immune responses in mice immunized with FMDV type O vaccine. Methods Fifty ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 animals in each group, and the basic diet containing 1%crush of RAM for a 1 week ad libitum feeding period,1%crush of RAM for a 6 week ad libitum feeding period,1%decoction of RAM for a 1 week ad libitum feeding period,1%decoction of RAM for a 6 week ad libitum feeding period, respectively. Blood samples were collected 3 weeks after boosting for measurement of FMDV-specific IgG level and the IgG subclasses, lymphocyte proliferation as well as production IL-5 and IFN-y. In experiment 2, Objective Four groups mice were feed ad libitum a basic diet, and a basic diet containing with 5%decoction of RAM for 2 d,4 d,6 d feeding periods, respectively. Methods Same as experiment 1 and blood samples were collected for detecting IgG and IgG subclasses, splenocytes for lymphocyte proliferation as well as production IL-5 and IFN-y, and small intestine were preserved for determination of secreting IgA (sIgA).Results 1% decoction of RAM for a 1 week ad libitum feeding period group and 5% decoction of RAM for 2 d,4 d and 6 d ad libitum feeding period group enhance the FMDV-specific immune responses significantly. Results demonstrate immune responses against FMDV type O was affected by doses and time to supplemental feeding of RAM.In conclusion, the oral administration for 4 days of a soup made from Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-GawlOphiopogon, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl Scrophularia or Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. included in Zhe Ba Wei significantly increased the immune response in OVA-immunised ICR mice. Further investigation found oral administration of water extracts of RAM significantly increased the antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity to immunization of ovalbumin(OVA) and a commercial FMD vaccine, Both Thl and Th2 immune responses were up-regulated in mice. Immune response to the commercially FMD vaccine could be enhanced by diet supplement containing RAM, the antigen-specific humoral, cell-mediated and mucosal immune responses were up-regulated in mice. Moreover, oral administration of Yu Ping Feng San that contain some medicine herb of Zhe Ba Wei is able to enhance the immune response to the commercially FMD vaccine. Whereas Zeng Ye Tang were not effective to the FMD vaccine.