| The uncommon ligamentous and tendinous structures(ULTS)of the knee include the ligamentous and tendinous structures except for the bigger structures, such as the cruciate ligaments, the tendon of the quadriceps lemons muscle and patellar tendon. They are irregular in shape, variable in size and course, and still unfamiliar to us. Nevertheless, they are playing an important role in maintaining the stability of the knee. According to their location, they can be divided into five pans: anteromedial. anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior and intracapsular parts.PART I: The gross anatomic study of ULTSObjective: Through the methods of gross anatomy, to determine the occurrence rate, location, shape, size, direction, origin and insertion, course and adjacency relationships of the individual structures, and to provide the anatomic foundation for imageology and surgery.Materials and Methods: Forty knees of adult cadavers were chosen to be observed about the gross anatomy.Results:!.The anteromedial part of the knee includes: the medial collateral ligament (MCL,100%), the medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL, 100%),the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL,100%) and the medial patellomeniscal ligament (MPML,80%). The anterolateral part: Iliotibial band (ITB,100%), lateral transverse ligament (LTL,100%). epicondylopatellar ligament (EPL,35%) and lateral patellotibial ligament (LPTL,85%). The posterolateral part: Biceps femoris muscle (BFM,100%), fibular collateral ligament (FCL,100%), popliteus muscle (PM,100%), poplitcofibular ligament (PFL,100%).arcuale ligament (AL.100%) and fabellofibular ligament (FFL.55%). The posterior part: Posterotibial ligament (PTL.70%) and oblique popliteal ligament (OPL,100%). The intracapusular part: Transverse ligament (TL.80%). posterior meniscofemoral ligament (PMFL,80%) and anterior menicofemoral ligament (AMFL, 7.5%) . 2.The shape, location, origin and insertion,course and adjacency relationships of the individual structures were described. 3.The sizes and angles formed by the long axes of the individual strutures with osseus marks were measured. 4.We divided popliteus muscle into four sections by its course:the muscular section of the popliteus muscle, the musculotendinous junction of the popliteus muscle, the oblique pan of the popliteus tendon and femoral part of the popliteus tendon.Part II: The cross-sectional anatomic study of ULTSObjective: Through the methods of cross-sectional anatomy, to determine the shape, location and adjacency relationships of ULTS on coronal, sagittal and axial plane,and to provide the cross-sectional anatomic evidences for imageology.Materials and Methods: Twelve specimens of cadaver knees were divided into three groups, each of them included four specimens.Coronal, sagittal and axial celloidin sections were made to observe the shape, location and adjacency relationships of individual structures.Results: l.The MPFL, LTL and MOMML (medial oblique meniscomeniscal ligament) can be displayed intactly in axial planes. The ITB, BFM, MCL, FCL, MPTL, PFL and AL can be observed in coronal planes. The MPTL. PFL.FFL and PMFL can be displayed in sagittal planes. 2. the shape, location and adjacency relationships of individual structures were determined.Part III: The study of MRI sequences and orientation of ULTSObjective:Through the study of tibial bone and MRI of the knee joint, to establish the osseus marks adapting for orientation and anatomic measuring, and to determine the methods of orientation to display the long axes of ULTS. Through the study of the MRI sequences, to determine the optimal MRJ sequences for clinical use.Materials and Methods: To establish the osseus marks for orientation of the knee by observing 30 tibial bone specimens. The MR images of 30 normal knees were observed to prove the reliability of the osseus marks, and to determine the methods of orientation of oblique scanning. 30 normal knees were performed MRI of SE T|\VI, SE T:\VI,SE PDI. FE T2'WI. FIR T:\VI, PASTA FSE T2WI, FSTIR, FLAIR and FE-3D. The...
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