| Part 1: The study on the surveillance of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species in Tianjin from 2001.1 to 2001.12Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in the clinic, and recently coagulase-negative staphylococci has become important too. Especially, MRS which is resistant to most antibiotics is increasing rapidly. Because of the absense of effective drugs, MRS has become the "super-bacteria". In order to obtain the data of the epidemiology of staphylocci hi Tianjin for controlling infections and know the bacterial resistance of staphylococci in Tianjin for the guidance of rational use of antibiotis, this study collected all clinical isolates of staphylocci hi Tianjin from 2001.1 -2001.12 and anylazed them.Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and the bacterial resistance of Staphylococcus clinical isolates from eight Tianjin hospitals in 2001 for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics and control of hospital infection. Methods: All collected Staphylococcus clinical isolates were analyzed by WHONET4.0 software. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by microdilution broth procedure. The standards followed NCCLS. Results: We collected 303 Staphylococcus clinical isolates, including 235 Staphylococcus aureus and 68 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. hi the 68 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates, Staphylococcus epidermidis was 64.7%, next was Staphylococcus saprophyticus. hi all patients, male and old patients were the greatest part. Staphylococcus clinical isolates were mainly separated from sputum, urine and surgical wound. Staphylococcus clinical isolates were mainly obtained from three major departments: internal medicine, surgery and ICU. MRSA was 47.2% in Staphylococcus aureus, and MRCoNS was 86.8%. The rate of hospital infection is 23% in Staphylococcus aureus, 25% in coagulase-negative-5-staphylococcus. MRS A was 64.8% in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital infection. All MRSA and MRCoNS clinical isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and resistance to most antibiotics. All MSSA clinical isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and oxacillin. The resistance rate of MSSA clinical isolates to clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofioxacin, gentamycin, erythromycin was below 50%. While antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, lincomycin was higher. The resitance rate of MSCoNS was similar to MSSA. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen that is associated with serious community-acquired and nosocomial diseases. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolates are increasing in the clinic. Staphylococi is related to infections of respiratory system , urinary system and surgical wounds. The isolation rate.of MRSA and MRCoNS is similar to the published reports. The glycopeptide antibiotics are the first line drugs to treat the infection caused by MRS. To severe infections, rifampin or fosfomycin can be used together with glycopeptide antibiotics. To the infections caused by MSSA and MSCoNS, the first cepholosporinsN erythromycin and gentamycin can be used.Part 2: The study on the molecular evolution of 4 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in TianjinThe emergence and evolution of MRSA is particular. MRSA was "born" when it acquired a large genetic element known as SCCmec. SCCmec likes a island of antibiotis resistance. There are four types of SCCmec. Now, 5 major clones of MRSA are identified in the global. MLST and bioinformation technology can link the clones, types and evolution of MRSA. Because of the absence of the data about the evolution of MRSA clinical isolates in China, the study focused on 4 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and prepared for large scale research.Objective: To research the origin and genetic background of 4 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Tianjin. Methods: Microbroth dilution procedure, PCR of mecA gene and PBP2a slide latex agglutination method were used to identify 4 isolates. MLST and bioinfonnation technology were used together to type and evolution of 4 isolates. Results: SA76, SA...
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